AP World History Review 5-Step Study Plan

AP World History Review 5-Step Study Plan SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's hard to tell where to begin when studyingfor the AP World History test. The couple of months you need to read for the class are predominated by the a large number of long periods of history secured by the educational program. Fortunately the AP exammainly requests that you take a gander at long haul slants as opposed to minute subtleties, so it's not as overwhelming to survey for as you would might suspect. In this guide, I'll give a concise review of the test content, spread out a format for a successfulAP World Historyreview plan, and give some basic investigation systems to benefiting as much as possible from your planning time. What’s on the AP World History Exam? The AP World History Exam covers five topics that stretch across six chronicled periods.For connections to takes note of that experience all the substance, you can visit my article that manages AP world history notes. The Themes Are: Topic 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment Topic 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures Topic 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict Topic 4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems Topic 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures The Historical Periods Are: Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations, Before c. 600 B.C.E. Large Geography and the Peopling of the Earth The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, 600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions The Development of States and Empires Rise of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions, 600 - 1450 Extension and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks Congruity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions Expanded Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences Period 4: Global Interactions, 1450 - 1750 Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration, 1750 - 1900 Industrialization and Global Capitalism Colonialism and Nation-State Formation Patriotism, Revolution, and Reform Worldwide Migration Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments, 1900 - Present Science and the Environment Worldwide Conflicts and Their Consequences New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture Here’s an outline that shows how much each verifiable period will appear on the numerous decision part of the test: Authentic Period Level of Multiple Choice Questions Before 600 B.C.E. 5 600 B.C. - 600 C.E. 15 600 - 1450 20 1450 - 1750 20 1750 - 1900 20 1900 - Present 20 Note that 80% of the various decision area will get some information about occasions in world history that happened after 600 C.E. There’s a great deal of data pressed in here. In what manner can you really begin checking on for the AP test? In the following area, I’ll offer you some guidance on the best way to make an investigation plan that will get you the most ideal score! This speaks to your movement towards a 5 as you experience the audit plan. Ideally, you'll end up less pompous than the buddy on the tallest column, however. He needs to mitigate the disposition. AP World History Review Plan Here's a bit by bit survey plan for the AP World History test that will get you progressing nicely with your contemplating. Stage 1: Take and Score a Diagnostic Test The initial phase in your survey ought to be taking a full practice test to see where you’re scoring on the AP scale.Based on your scores, you can set an objective for yourself and make study arrangements that fit with the measure of work you have to do to improve.When you step through this examination, you ought to hold fast to the time rules set by the genuine test: 55 minutes for the 55 various decision questions 50 minutes for the four short-answer questions 55 minutes for the archive based inquiry 35 minutes for the long article questions It’s a test to compose this quick, so you ought to become acclimated to it when possible.Also, circle any numerous decision addresses where you weren’t altogether certain about the appropriate response. Regardless of whether you get them right, you should in any case survey the substance. In the event that you find you’re in the lower extend for a certain AP score, you should keep on taking a shot at your aptitudes regardless of whether you’re happy with that score.The bend will in general get harder after some time, so the mini-computer givesa somewhat expanded score gauge. Stage 2: Analyze Your Mistakes After you take and score your test, experience your mix-ups and distinguish any issues you had with the material.Categorize your slip-ups by period so you can show signs of improvement thought of what you have to study.Note any examples that happened. Is it accurate to say that you were particularly corroded in one geographic zone? Did questions managing specific subjects give you the most trouble?Take this progression truly on the grounds that it will get you destined for success with your contemplating going ahead! Stage 3: Study Relevant Content Areas Presently that you’ve experienced your mix-ups, it’s time to jump again into your notes and audit whatever you forgot.Work your way through all the holes in your memory that showed themselves on the test.Make sure that you’re retaining the data and not simply perusing it over.Follow the tips in the past area on searching for bigger topics, and check in with yourself after each segment of notes to ensure what you realized didn’t drop out of your mind right away. Stage 4: Essay Dress Rehearsal The subsequent stage before taking another training test is to do a little paper rehearsal.I'll reemphasize the significance of rehearsing article composing aptitudes in the up and coming procedure area, butI additionally think they warrant their own progression in the examination procedure. Simply knowing the data won’t promise you a high paper score in the event that you compose too gradually or aren’t arranged to associate explicit models with patterns and themes.Take a glance back at your first test, and note the qualities and shortcomings of your essays.Try to compose new articles (or exposition traces) that enhance your unique papers and would score higher dependent on the AP rules. Stage 5: Take Another Practice Test At long last, take another training test to see whether all that considering paid off!If you find that you’re content with your new score, you can enjoy a reprieve and simply do a couple of light audit meetings before the test. On the off chance that you’re still unsatisfied, you can rehash the investigation procedure utilizing the consequences of this test. On the off chance that you find that you haven’t improved from the principal test, you have to reevaluate your investigation techniques and your examination of off base answers.You may have been occupied during part of the procedure or read through your notes too rapidly without understanding them on a more profound level. Regard for detailis key on the off chance that you need to see large upgrades! Here’s a gauge of the course of events for these five stages: Stage 1: 3.5 hours Stage 2: 60 minutes Stage 3: 2 hours Stage 4: 2 hours Stage 5: 3.5 hours That’s a sum of around 12 hours for one cycle ofthis process.It’s certainly justified regardless of your opportunity to experience it at any rate once if you’re committed to winning an incredible score! Twelve hours is nevertheless a squint of an eye contrasted with the entire of mankind's history! Make an effort not to consider that to an extreme. AP World History Review Tips and Strategies These are three of the most significant methodologies to keep in your back pocket as you audit. Look at this article to findadditional study tips for AP World History! Procedure #1: Don’t Try to Memorize Everything The primary concern you should think about AP World History, before you begin evaluating, is that you’re not expected to remember huge amounts of explicit dates or the names of each leader of each domain in history.Don’t occupy significant space in your memory with minute subtleties that most probable won't come up on the test. You ought to have a smart thought of how significant occasions have advanced sequentially in every locale since forever, however there’s no compelling reason to get into the quick and dirty of less conspicuous names and places.Study a similar way you may peruse Lord of the Rings (I expect you’ve done this if you’re genuinely a nerd):Skim over the crazy names of minor characters and places that are fringe to the principle storyline, yet clutch key subtleties that will permit you to understand the plot as you progress through the book. Methodology #2: Look for the Themes A solid comprehension of the five topics and the capacity to interface them to occasions since forever is the way to excelling on this test.As you study content, recollect how the subjects may play into the explanations behind movements in political elements, social turns of events, or different trends.This can assist you with coming up with supporting guides to use in your free-reaction essays.The articles will request that you clarify changes after some time and look at changed societies.The course subjects are incredible bouncing off focuses for your expositions that will assist you with clarifying how occasions are associated and why social orders have embraced various qualities or political frameworks. Procedure #3: Practice Essay-Writing Skills I need to doubly underline the way that the free-reaction area is your most moving impediment to a high score on AP World History. Twoessays in 90 minutes is no simple undertaking, in any event, for the best writers!That’s why it’s basic to rehearse a lot of papers before you plunk down to step through the genuine examination. In the event that you’

Nitric Oxide Synthase Impairment for Baroreflex Dysfunction

Nitric Oxide Synthase Impairment for Baroreflex Dysfunction Harmit Bindra Basic Appraisal: Impairment of Nitric Oxide Synthase however Not Heme Oxygenase Accounts for Baroreflex Dysfunction Caused by Chronic Nicotine in Female Rats Lay Abstract Presentation: The baroreflex or baroreceptor affectability is a physiological parameter that directs changes in pulse. Baroreflex brokenness is thought to add to huge numbers of the cardiovascular changes brought about by ceaseless admission of nicotine. Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) can be combined in the endothelial cells by the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and hemeoxygenase (HO), individually. Restraint of NOS and HO intervened pathways have been thought to cause decrease in baroreflex affectability like that of nicotine. This examination focuses on these two pathways and their potential cooperations trying to turn around the weakening cardiovascular impacts brought about by nicotine. Strategies: The affectability of baroreflex was dictated by estimating changes in pulse because of changes in mean blood vessel pressure instigated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE). SNP and PE apply these cardiovascular changes by influencing the distance across of veins. Six gatherings of cognizant female rodents were utilized (6-8 rodents/gathering) to contemplate the impact of NOS on the baroreflex brokenness brought about by nicotine. Rodents were dealt with either with nicotine or saline answer for about fourteen days. Baroreflex bends utilizing irregular portions of SNP and PE were acquired in cognizant betrays day 14 subsequent to treating these rodents with L-NAME (inhibitor of NOS), L-arginine (substrate of NOS) or saline answer for 15 minutes. In a subsequent report, another gathering of 7 rodents treated with nicotine was utilized to see if HO hindrance by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) abrogates the baroreflex reaction incited by L-arginine. Baroreflex affectability was estimated in the wake of treating rodents with L-arginine and ZnPP for 15 minutes. At long last, the impacts of the inducer and inhibitor of HO, hemin and ZnPP separately, were explored on the baroreflex brokenness. Results: Inhibition of NOS utilizing L-NAME caused a comparable decrease in the baroreflex reaction as nicotine. This impact could be turned around with L-arginine. No further decrease in baroreflex reaction was clear in rodents treated with both nicotine and L-NAME. Strangely, HO inhibitor prompted no decrease in baroreflex reaction and didn't turn around any progressions in baroreflex movement brought about by nicotine. This suggests there is no immediate job of HO interceded pathways in the nicotinic-baroreflex action. In actuality, there was an expansion in baroreflex movement when HO action was encouraged. All in all, restraint of NOS is liable for decrease in baroreflex affectability brought about by nicotine. Foundation data and reason for doing the work Smoking cigarettes is one of the most entrenched aims of mortality on the planet and it is notable for its overwhelming consequences for the personal satisfaction and the effect it has on the families, including their mental, social and physical prosperity. Most of the destructive cardiovascular impacts of smoking emerge from the utilization of nicotine. Constant admission of nicotine has been appeared to lessen baroreceptor reflexes by diminishing the responsiveness of stretch receptors in the carotid sinus along with blood vessel consistence (Ashworth-Preece et al., 1998; Giannattasio et al., 1994). Nitric oxide (NO) is profoundly responsive gas, incorporated by means of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, including endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). NO has been associated with different physiological pathways. For example, eNOS brings about blood vessel vasodilation by causing unwinding of vascular smooth muscles (Prado et al., 2011). nNOS assumes a significant job in neuronal movement by filling in as a synapse. iNOS is created by the phagocytes to attack the microscopic organisms as a major aspect of invulnerable reaction. NO has a capacity to diffuse through and go about as an intracellular errand person. It has been involved in reinforcing the neurotransmitters (long haul potentiation) in learning and cause NMDA instigated neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s infection (Taqatqeh et al., 2009). In an examination completed utilizing brainstem cores of rodents, it was discovered that repressing NOS in the focal sensory system decreased baroreflex initiation (Lo et al., 1996). Carbon monoxide (CO) has for quite some time been viewed as a poisonous gas because of its high proclivity for hemoglobin over oxygen. In opposition to prevalent thinking, our body cells can likewise incorporate CO by means of heme oxygenase (HO) a chemical that outcomes in the age of CO by catalyzing the transformation of heme to biliverdin (Abraham Kappas., 2008). It has been set up that hindrance of CO shaped by HO lessens reflex movement just as bradycardic reaction incited by glutamate in the core of the singular tract (Lin et al., 2004). Different examinations have freely discovered that restraint of HO initiated CO expands circulatory strain foundationally (Zhang et al., 2001). Strikingly, there appear to be a type of cooperation going on between NO/NOS and CO/HO pathways (Li et al., 2009). To be sure, the endogenous impacts of these two atoms are incited by the enactment of solvent guanylate cyclase and a further increment in the degrees of cGMP (Tzeng., 2009). In spite of the fact that there is a crosslink between these pathways, it has not been inquired about whether interference of these go betweens alone or interruption in their common connection is liable for the baroreceptor brokenness intervened by nicotine. Ways to deal with the inquiry The examination was part into two gatherings to assess the job of NO/NOS and CO/HO pathways in nicotine initiated baroreflex despondency. In a first report, six little gatherings of female rodents, going from 6-8 in each gathering, were utilized to examine the impact of NOS on the baroreflex brokenness. Three of these gatherings were given intraperitoneal nicotine for about fourteen days utilizing a dose of 2mg/kg/day, though the rest of the gatherings were treated with saline arrangement. These rodents were cannulated intravascularly on day 12. Baroreflex bends utilizing SNP and PE were gotten in cognizant betrays day 14 subsequent to treating these rodents with L-NAME, L-arginine or saline answer for 15 minutes. In a subsequent report, another gathering of 7 rodents treated with nicotine were utilized to see if HO hindrance by ZnPP cancels the baroreflex reaction incited by L-arginine. Baroreceptor affectability was estimated in the wake of treating rodents with L-arginine and ZnPP for 15 minutes. The affectability of baroreceptors was controlled by estimating changes in pulse in light of changes in mean blood vessel pressure prompted by vasoactive medications, for example, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE). This was completed utilizing relapse examination. Randomized dosages SNP and PE portions, running from 1 to 16â µg/kg, were infused intravenously to get a baroreflex bend. A record of baroreflex action was found by communicating the incline of the relapse line as beats/min/mmHg. In the last piece of the examination, the impacts of the inducer and inhibitor of HO, hemin and ZnPP individually, were researched on the baroreceptor brokenness incited by nicotine. This was finished utilizing 5 unique gatherings (5-8 female rodents/gathering) for a fourteen days time frame in which baroreflex testing was completed utilizing hemin, ZnPP, hemin + L-NAME, hemin + ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and CORM-2 (CO discharging specialist). Two further benchmark groups were utilized in which rodents got saline answer for about fourteen days and the baroreflex readings were then taken post-treatment with hemin or CORM-2. To quantify the action of NOS and HO, rodents were treated with nicotine or saline for about fourteen days in the nearness or nonattendance of hemin and their brainstem was dismembered and freezed at - 80C. Key Results and examination Both nicotine and NOS/NO pathway hindrance delivered a comparable impact on baroreflex action. Rodents treated with nicotine demonstrated decreased slants in the baroreflex bends showed by PE and SNP in contrast with the saline treated rodents, recommending a diminished baroreflex reaction. In rodents treated with nicotine, there was a diminishing from 2.1â ±0.2 ms/mmHg to 1.1â ±0.2 ms/mmHg in the baroreflex affectability displayed by the PE. A comparable decrease from 0.9â ±0.1 ms/mmHg to 0.4â ±0.1 ms/mmHg was found in the baroreflex affectability displayed by SNP. These outcomes were measurably huge (P In short synopsis, the investigation was very clear in clarifying the contribution of NO/NOS pathway in the decrease of baroreflex action brought about by nicotine. As a matter of first importance, hindering NOS utilizing L-NAME caused comparative decrease in baroreflex reaction as nicotine. Furthermore, this impact could be turned around with the substrate of NOS (L-arginine). Thirdly, having both nicotine and L-NAME didn't cause any further decrease in baroreflex reaction. The hindrance of HO by ZnPP had no impact on the baroreflex affectability in nicotine treated rodents, inferring that there is no immediate job of HO pathway in the nicotinic-baroreflex movement. Any abatement in baroreflex affectability by nicotine could be turned around with hemin as the bend strayed more towards saline treated rodents. Strangely, when rodents were treated with L-NAME or with ODQ, the defensive impact of hemin to switch the decrease in baroreflex affectability was not, at this point apparent. This proposed the underlying decrease in baroreflex reaction was presumably because of an expanded movement of NOS that was no longer observed when L-NAME was utilized. In reality, the action of HO and NOS was found to increment in the brainstem tissue of rodents treated with nicotine within the sight of hemin. Together, these discoveries infer that NOS is a downstream pathway liable for changes in baroreflex affectability and hemin is some way or another taking care of into t his pathway and enacting it to encourage baroreflex reaction. There was no decrease in barore

Women With an Alcoholic Parent Have More Risk Factors

Women With an Alcoholic Parent Have More Risk Factors Addiction Alcohol Use Print Women With an Alcoholic Parent Have More Risk Factors By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 06, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 27, 2019 Ray Kachatorian / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There are differences in how parental alcoholism affects daughters as opposed to how it affects sons, particularly when it comes to psychopathology, or mental health disorders, in each gender. Daughters of alcoholics are affected by a parents alcoholism in many of the same ways that sons are. Both are at higher risk of developing alcohol abuse disorders compared to children of non-alcoholic parents. But there are some differences in how women are influenced, scientists say. Certain Behavior Problems Appear to Be Shared by Men and Women Children of both genders who have parents with a substance use disorder are at a higher risk of externalizing symptoms, negative behavior thats focused outward, resulting in disorders such as conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and substance use disorders. Children of parents with a substance use disorder are also at a higher risk of internalizing symptoms, negative behavior thats focused inward. If parents have a current substance use disorder, kids are more at risk of developing both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. In the case of parents who are in recovery from substance use disorder, kids are more at risk of developing externalizing problems, but not internalizing problems. What Externalizing Means in Psychiatry Gender-Related Differences A ?Yale study  analyzing responses from 23,006 men and 17,368 women showed that daughters of alcoholic parents have more increased risks for substance use disorders and mental health disorders than sons do. The study also showed that having been raised by both biological parents and having a college degree indicated a lower frequency of both alcoholic mothers and fathers by over 50 percent and 30 percent, respectively. The Yale study found that daughters of alcoholic fathers and/or mothers have nearly a one-third greater risk of becoming alcoholics themselves than do the sons. The chances of developing bipolar mania are greater for sons of fathers with alcohol use disorders and daughters of mothers with alcohol use disorders. Daughters of alcoholic mothers have a higher chance of developing schizoid personality disorder and nicotine dependence than sons too. Women At Higher Risk for Many of the Effects of Alcohol Increased Risks for Females Having an alcoholic father puts females at a higher risk for every mental disorder with the exception of dependent personality disorder. Females with alcoholic mothers are also at a higher risk for every mental disorder except for hypomania, panic disorder, and pathological gambling. Increased Risks for Males Males in the study were shown to not have as many risks for individual mental disorders. They showed no greater risks for pathological gambling or dependent personality disorder with an alcoholic father and no greater risks for  mania, hypomania, panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia, pathological gambling, nicotine dependence, dependent personality disorder, or schizoid personality disorder  with an alcoholic mother. Research has shown that having an alcoholic mother significantly increases a sons risk of developing panic disorder, an illness typically diagnosed in females. How the Effects of Alcoholism Differ in Men

Why Romans Feared Having a King and Avoid the Title

Violent Video Games - 1485 Words

How does violence in video games affect people? Sometimes people think about video games and think oh no big deal but there is a lot that goes into them and they can have different effects on people. Violent video games have the most effect on people and most of them are negative. Educational games tend to have the best effect on people and can help them. Many people argue both sides and do not see them for what they are and think my kids won’t be affected but they will as more articles state and discuss these issues. Violent video games can lead to many different things such as, Gun violence, violence, and aggression. Gun violence is a bad thing and these games promote guns in many different ways and has different effects. Violence is†¦show more content†¦When kids watch educational shows that do not have violence they tend to have good qualities. They also won’t lead themselves into gun violence. Nonviolent shows have the best effect on kids. It shows that k ids who played violent video games ended up leading to gun violence. The educational shows will help them grow and explore more nonviolent ideas and they won’t even think about gun violence. Continuing the issue of gun violence and how violent video games affect people. In the article â€Å"Video games and shooting: Is the NRA right?† Mark states†the National Rifle Association blamed the entertainment industry - specifically the producers of violent video games for inciting what has become a pattern of gun violence in the United States.† Even the NRA has came up with the conclusion that violent video games lead to gun violence. That is again another effect these games have on people. These games promote gun violence because in these violent video games shooting is all these games are about. Also they kill people and can get graphic about how they are killed which puts images in there head. In the article â€Å"Should It Be Illegal for Kids to Buy Viole nt Video Games? YES, Timothy states â€Å"What we are talking about is a video game where the child is able to: Shoot a man, pour gasoline over his wounded body, set the man on fire, and listen to him scream in agony as he burns to death.† This is very importantShow MoreRelatedViolent Games And Violent Video Games1122 Words   |  5 PagesAs video game images become increasingly more realistic and graphic. Therefore, is there any link between the violence depicted in those games and violence in real life? Students are the main group people who played violent video games very often. Also, losing a game causes many people to have a negative impact. Last, the attitudes on violent game and antisocial. Games are everywhere around us, such as cellphones, televisions, or computers, but violent games are the most popular type of game. TheRead MoreVideo Game : Violent Video Games927 Words   |  4 PagesThe video game industry possible causing behavioral problems for people of all a ges. Video game violence isn’t breaking news for years people have played games with murder and sexual innuendos. People ask why violent video games are so attractive, maybe it’s a way to escape from real life or even therapeutic. History shows us that human being like violence, in roman time gladiators killed people and animals for sport with huge number of people as an audience. Today the video game industry has foundRead MoreVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreViolent Video Games Are Violent1677 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Violent Video Games Effect The future of entertainment revolves around technology which perhaps has caused video games to become more and more realistic over time. Although they often are entertaining, the contents have become more violent and disturbing as computing technology has become much more advanced. These days, the popularity of violent video games has caused an increase in controversy. Many parents and researchers say the video games are now becoming too violent. The violent videoRead MoreViolent Video Games 886 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican child spends on video games per week is 8 hours? That’s a more than a whole school day! Many kids today are spending more and more time on video games. Not only is it damaging to the brain and body, but it also can cause insanity and dementia. Many of the mass murderers of the past have been found to play violent video games. Teens should not be permitted to play violent video games to ensure that they will not become aggressive. The foundation of the first video games was the CRT. The cathodeRead MoreVideo Game And Violent Video Games1574 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with the rapid development of the internet in recent years, game and violence game have become companions of young people. We could not deny the fact that video game already has strong attraction for many people. Especially in today’s society, when work pressure is growing, gaming is an effective solution to relieve tension, dispel feeling of fatigue, anxiety. Playing the normal video game, which it not include any violence scenes, plus regulatory reasonable playing time can help players relaxedRead MoreRegulation of Violent Video Games2128 Words   |  8 PagesIssue: Video games are the primary source of entertainment for children nowadays. Be it in form of Wii Games, Nintendo or Xbox; children nowadays seems to be practically smitten with video games. It was also shown as evidence in some cases that the influence of such games is so huge that few children start speaking and acting like characters in the video games. Many video games, dating back to 1976’s Death Race, contain some or other aspect of violence, such as killing the bad person, driving dangerousRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The issue of video game violence seems to be a hot topic right now after several shootings have occurred and made a connection to the shooters being video gamers. In looking at past research it is apparent that there seems to large amounts of research that contradict one work to another. Although I would have been interested in conducting a poll of the publics opinion regarding the use of violent video games and their connection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the researchRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 PagesOn television, iPads, cell phones, and even specially made devices for babies and children. Video games are interwoven with our daily lives. For many, it is just an innocent way to relax or enjoy themselves. For others, it has become an addiction in which they cannot escape. Not all video games are violent, but what about those that are? Does society have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists

Spanking And Its Effect On Children - 773 Words

ALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 2 Spanking as a way to punish children is a heated debate that does not appear to have an end in sight. The people on both sides of the issue have very strong opinions and do not seem to want to entertain the idea that the other side could be correct. This is generally how debates work, but one concern that is often not looked at is whether the claims from either side are valid and reliable. Anyone can make claims and find evidence for those claims, but the evidence may not be sound and therefore not useful. If we want our arguments to mean something we need to use evidence that is both valid and reliable. Lee et al. argue that spanking can lead to increased aggression in children ages one to five. They set out to determine if there is a correlation between maternal warmth and spanking in regards to childhood aggression (Lee). While I think this study is a great start to research on spanking and aggression, the methods are far from perfect. Thi s has an effect on the overall reliability and validity of the research and the impact of the findings. The participants (mothers only) in this study also participated the in Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). The authors admit that using participants who were also involved in the FFCWS study meant that they were getting an over-represented of self identified black (49%) and Hispanic (26%) mothers (Lee). There was also an over-representation of non-marital births whereShow MoreRelatedSpanking And Its Effect On Children2028 Words   |  9 PagesSpanking Children Yelling in public, crying over the smallest things, throwing a tantrum every five minutes; all these things have the same solution, which is spanking. People think spanking is a way to raise their children. Spanking is used among parents to teach their children a lesson if they act in a way they are not supposed to act. Some parents use spanking as a way to discipline, a way to teach the child a lesson, or it can be a natural thing in their household. The method of spanking as childRead MoreThe Effects Of Spanking On Children s Children880 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up most children had experienced being spanked.Being spanked is not fun and hurts very bad. Sometimes children get spanked for something they did wrong or simply because they lied.Spanking is a form of child abuse and can hurt a child s feelings. Spanking of children can cause a disattchament between parents and child. It can also cause a child to not trust their parents.Spankings can cause a distraction for children a nd it can affect their school work. Hitting children can cause them toRead MoreThe Effects Of Time Outs And Spanking On Children1711 Words   |  7 PagesIn this chapter I will explain if the use of time-outs and spanking are a good way to correct a misbehave in children. As people know time-out is is a method use to modify undesirable and inappropriate behavior in children, such as disobedience aggression and inappropriate social behavior. Exclusion time out is usually the process in which you placed the child in a corner of a room away from any fun activities un-reinforced by social interactions. There is also isolation time out in which you removeRead MoreThe Effects Of Spanking On Children s Perception Essay2092 Words   |  9 Pagesthe effects of spanking on children. â€Å"With more than 30 years of research, we can now visualize accurately how spanking can alter a child’s perception.† (Scrock 2009) Although spanking has been the â€Å"go-to† way of dis cipline, it is starting to be looked on as a form of child abuse. After all, there are great reasons as to why organizations like the American Psychological Association and American Academy of Pediatrics condemn spanking. We will talk about the problems spanking causes in children, theRead MoreSpanking And Its Negative Effects On Children s Behavior1284 Words   |  6 Pagesreported that 80% of parents in the world support spanking (Holeman and Wire). Another study conducted in 2012 showed that 70% of parents that live in America, also, support the use of spanking (Perry). Despite the majority in favor of spanking, there are numerous debates about whether spanking is an effective way to discipline your child or not. In result of the debates many researchers have conducted studies based solely on the outcomes of spanking. A great number of the studies have concluded thatRead MoreArguments on Spanking Essay505 Words   |  3 Pagespeople do not believe in spanking are spanking can c ause harmful side effects, spanking is no more effective than other punishments, and spanking promotes violence in children. Some harmful side effects that could possibly be caused by spanking are children suffering from depression, being inferior in their school performance, or having problems later on in life. It is impossible to see side effects because they are not usually revealed immediately. People also believe that spanking cannot be proven toRead MoreEssay On Child Discipline1296 Words   |  6 Pagesguide children. There are many forms of discipline that parents use and they all have an effect. Some work better for some children while other forms may work for another. Parents can sometimes be stuck with how they should discipline their children and they want to know more about what is effective. In terms of punishment one form that is commonly used is corporal punishment, which is punishment in the physical form. One form of corporal punishment is spanking. For years and years, the spanking debateRead MoreEffects Of Positive Punishment On Children1562 Words   |  7 Pages This paper will explore effects of positive punishment on children from research conducted through an online database. The articles however vary in certain aspects and perspective of punishment. Lansford, Wagner, Bates, Pettit, Dodge (2012) discuss the controversy as to whether or not infrequent spanking is related to the higher levels of externalizing behavior. Fletcher (2012) discusses whether or not the use of punishment is effective on children. Straus (1999) suggested about 15 years ago thatRead More stop spanking: save the children Essays1258 Words   |  6 Pages Spanking has been used for many years and it must come to an end. Also known as corporal punishment, spanking is most often used as a form of discipline. Although it is said to have some benefits, the negative consequences far outweigh the good. According to Dr. Wilson and Dr. Lyon, â€Å"physical punishment delivered in anger with the intent to cause pain is unacceptable and dangerous to the health and well being of the child.†( Guidance for Effective Discipline, online) It is important for spankingRead MoreThe Effects Of Spanking On Child Aggression1184 Words   |  5 Pages Spankings: Revered or Reformed. Davon Miles The University of Memphis The Effects of spanking on Child Aggression Spanking is subjective in the least. Most parents suggest that using spankings as a form of discipline is essential to the development of a compliant child. For most Americans, this truth is one of the core foundations of the American model home. â€Å"70% of mothers indicated they had spanked their child at least once by the time he or she was 2-years-old†

Growing up Asian in Australia-Free-Samples-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Literature Review on Growing up Asian in Australia. Answer: Conversation with My Parents by Oanh Thi Tran Communication is an integral part of life. Communicating information, ideas, thoughts, emotions are a part of life that is important because it helps an individual to lead a life that is fulfilling. Another significant part of a persons life is family. Family does not have to be necessarily be parents or related by blood; the people who are close to an individual can also be associated with family. In this short story the author tries to bind the two topics together on the same line. She tries to state the significance of conversation with the family and how it affects the life of an individual. The author did not have a very healthy relationship with her family and parents, she was always aloof and felt distant form them and hence after growing up she had decided to move to England. It was not until that her father was admitted to the hospital did she actually have a proper conversation with her parents. Telephonic conversations can be a little tricky as the communication is not happening face to face it is a little difficult to understand what a person is trying to say or trying to hide in the expressions (Pung, 2008). Oanh started talking with her father over the phone regularly after he was admitted to the hospital. He spoke about his childhood days and she enjoyed them thoroughly. Though the first conversation was drab stretched and boring as the she had not spoken with her parents for a really long time. The next one was with her niece and that broke the ice in between the family and her. Hence the calls continued, but then by the end of the story Oanh could not express her feeling and love for her parents because she still feels the hesitation which will not b solved by just telephonic conversations (Pung, 2008). Anzac Day by James Chong Growing up in a different country has always been a challenging affair for a child especially for the ones who come from a different ethnicity. There have been several incidents where people have faced bulling, biased behavior; stereotyping and even judgmental outlooks form various sectors of life. But the story of James Chong has a different perspective and a different issue all together. In this story he doesnt talk about what he has gone through in his entire life. He states an incident that broke his heart. The story is about how Chong was questioned about his patriotism when he was just a high school child by the national media. Chong was in the school band and played the bag pier, he was selected to play I the band on the converted Anzac Day. Anzac Day is regarded as one of the most patriotic and symbolically proud day for the Australian public. Like every other fellow student he also felt the same for his country and he was more than happy to be part of such a grand affair of the country. But he was struck by a feeling of exclusion, separation and abandonees when he found his image on the national media and the theme of discussion was True Blue? (Pung, 2008). Anh Do Famed by his stints from popular Australian television programs such as thank god you are here and dancing with the stars, the Vietnamese-Australian is now a popular name in Australian television. His ease and his non imposed easy humor was his claim to fame. He was also awarded the comedian of the year. In his interview he had mentioned that growing up he wanted to be a martial art champion because he thought it was cool, but he was witty and humor was always his calling the way he answered the coach of the jujitsu class was effortlessly funny. He readily accepted that he is a lazy person and that is the reason why he had opted for a change in career. He could not believe the sixty working hour schedule and he wanted to laze. He was offered 50 dollars for five minutes and that prospect excited him that he was making a dollar a minute but then it was five minutes a week and he continued it for six months. Anh Do is a witty and intelligent man and that is evident from the way he answers the question. He gives an example of his gig where he was caught up in between the comrades of martyrs who were killed by Asians. He describes it as a hard gig. He is of the view that the destination is secondary what people needs to focus on is the journey (Pung, 2008). Reference list: Pung, A. (Ed.). (2008).Growing up Asian in Australia. Black Inc..

Downsizing rightsizing or Dump sizing Essay Example

Downsizing rightsizing or Dump sizing Paper Organizations try to maintain profit ratio by one way or the other. However, not all strategies used by the company result as successful adoptions. The most frequently heard term in the Human Resource management is layoffs and restructuring. Downsizing being one of the form of such employee cutting have many faces of its effect on the corporate values. So the current study tries to understand the overview of downsizing and the HR skills required to execute down sizing in an organization. Also the study tries to analyze the good and bad forms of the concept down sizing under the section by taking the concerns of rightsizing and dumb sizing. What is Down Sizing Downsizing: Downsizing is kind of organizational restructuring. The term is mostly used when organization adopts a workforce reduction. Downsizing or Workforce Reduction: According to Steven Applebaum and his colleagues (1987) as cited in Alexis A. Halley refers the definition of term downsizing as coined to define the scaling down of car sizes by automobile manufacturers. However the term was adopted to HR field in cutting down the employees during 1980s. Downsizing is a strategy to resize, streamline and shrink the organizational structure with respect to employee number. Usually it is assumed that companies down size people to restructure their existing employees by number wise. However, Restructuring can also be defined as rebuilding the strength of an organization by changing its asset structure and its resource allocation patterns (see Hoskisson Hitt, 1994). Why Use Downsizing: Companies mainly during the period of recession, try to increase the costs in many possible ways. One among those quick fixes is cost cutting through Employee layoff. In order to prove their profitability CEOs show up the reduced HR costs under profitability accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Downsizing rightsizing or Dump sizing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Downsizing rightsizing or Dump sizing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Downsizing rightsizing or Dump sizing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, when firms use this tool cautiously, downsizing can be a life saver to the company. But repeated usage of the tool can result in the erosion of the human capital. Role of HR in Downsizing: The HR should play a vital role in cutting back the employees, yet retaining the life blood of the company. A company needs some employees in key positions with required skill set to be adhered to their competitive responsibilities all the time. HR need to identify which skill set or professionals to be retained during the period to void disturbance in the existing process. Also the HR should take care of the effort load of the removed employees which ultimately falls on the retained employees due to the cut down on employees. The major challenge for HR in such circumstances is to deal with the remaining employee morale. The employee security becomes shattered and HR has to affirm them of their position in the organization. For this the HR should be communicative with management a well with the employees in getting their concern and feedback from time to time. Also the HR should assist management in planning the downsizing in an approached way. There are different approaches and tools available to the HR to perform the Downsize efficiently and in a strategic way. Downsizing is a kind of change adoption. Change is observed in two ways: The Incremental Approach: This approach starts with denial of wrong followed by patching and crisis and then by rightsizing. However, this approach may create tension and anxiety in the organization. The phases and events are unpredictable in this approach. 2. The strategic approach: This approach involves rethinking, and searches for new mental maps and new tools. The strategic approach though lengthy results profitable in long run.

Reagan and the 1983 Marines Barracks Massacre in Beirut

Reagan and the 1983 Marines Barracks Massacre in Beirut In 2002, the Presidential Oral History Program at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center of Public Affairs interviewed Caspar Weinberger about the six years (1981-1987) he spent as Ronald Reagan’s Secretary of Defense. Stephen Knott, the interviewer, asked him about the bombing of the U.S. Marines barracks in Beirut on Oct. 23, 1983, which killed 241 Marines. Here’s his answer: Weinberger: Well, that’s one of my saddest memories. I was not persuasive enough to persuade the President that the Marines were there on an impossible mission. They were very lightly armed. They were not permitted to take the high ground in front of them or the flanks on either side. They had no mission except to sit at the airport, which is just like sitting in a bull’s eye. Theoretically, their presence was supposed to support the idea of disengagement and ultimate peace. I said, â€Å"They’re in a position of extraordinary danger. They have no mission. They have no capability of carrying out a mission, and they’re terribly vulnerable.† It didn’t take any gift of prophecy or anything to see how vulnerable they were. When that horrible tragedy came, why, as I say, I took it very personally and still feel responsible in not having been persuasive enough to overcome the arguments that â€Å"Marines don’t cut and run,† and â€Å"We can’t leave because we’re there,† and all of that. I begged the President at least to pull them back and put them back on their transports as a more defensible position. That ultimately, of course, was done after the tragedy. Knott also asked Weinberger about â€Å"the impact that the tragedy had on President Reagan.† Weinberger: Well, it was very, very marked, there was no question about it. And it couldn’t have come at a worse time. We were planning that very weekend for the actions in Grenada to overcome the anarchy that was down there and the potential seizure of American students, and all the memories of the Iranian hostages. We had planned that for Monday morning, and this terrible event occurred on Saturday night. Yes, it had a very deep effect. We talked a few minutes ago about the strategic defense. One of the other things that had a tremendous effect on him was the necessity of playing these war games and rehearsing, in which we went over the role of the President. The standard scenario was that â€Å"the Soviets had launched a missile. You have eighteen minutes, Mr. President. What are we going to do?† He said, â€Å"Almost any target we attack will have huge collateral damage.† Collateral damage is the polite way of phrasing the number of innocent women and children who are killed because you’re engaging in a war, and it was up in the hundreds of thousands. That is one of the things, I think, that convinced him that we not only had to have a strategic defense, but we should offer to share it. That was another of the things that was quite unusual about our acquiring strategic defense, and which now seems largely forgotten. When we got it, we said he would share it with the world, so as to render all of these weapons useless. He insisted on that kind of proposal. And as it turned out, with this cold war ending and all, it didn’t become necessary. One thing that disappointed him most was the reaction of the academic and the so-called defense expert community to this proposal. They were horrified. They threw up their hands. It was worse than talking about evil empire. Here you were undermining the years and years of academic discipline that you shouldn’t have any defense. He said he simply did not want to trust the future of the world to philosophic assumptions. And all the evidence was that the Soviets were preparing for a nuclear war. They had these huge underground cities and underground communications. They were setting up environments in which they could live for a long time and keep their command and control communications capabilities. But people didn’t want to believe that and therefore didn’t believe it. Read the full interview at the Miller Center for Public Affairs.

Hw2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hw2 - Essay Example Bacteria have the ability to develop resistance to antibiotics making the use of such drugs ineffective. Antibiotics resistance is a situation whereby an antimicrobial drug ceases to have effect in stopping or killing such microorganisms. Refereeing to antimicrobial, they are substance, both natural and synthetic as well as disinfectants that have the ability to kill or hindering the reproduction of microorganisms. Before the antibiotic drugs were discovered in the 1940s, there were many deaths arising from sexually transmitted diseases and infections such as tuberculosis. The new drugs enabled the fighting of the diseases possible, however, over time; some of the germs have developed resistance to the drugs. The most common causes are the inappropriate use or overuse of drugs such as antibiotics in the treatment of people and animals. The germs continuously adapt to their environments and have the ability to develop the characteristics that are similar to those of others. In using antibiotics, only the weak bacteria are killed while the stronger and more resistant ones survive and continue to multiply. Any germ that successfully develops resistance to a particular drug has the potential of developing resistance to other antibiotics as well, referred to as cross-resistance. There has also been developed a link between the administering of drugs to animals the development of resistance in humans. Often, the food producing animals are administered some drugs so as to prevent infections and boost food production in the agri-food industry. Even the products of plants also get into contact with the chemicals when sprayed to help in the control of or preventing diseases. Through this, the resistance problem is transferred to the products such as milk and fruits. The most common example is Salmonella that can be transferred

Benihana of Tokyo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benihana of Tokyo - Case Study Example However, a market research done by Rocky, the president of this hotel, pointed otherwise. Through this research, Rocky realized that many Americans do not trust meals that are prepared in enclosures that are not visible for the customer. Therefore, he ensured that the meals, especially the streak were prepared from a close proximity to the dining table so that customers would be in a position to watch as their meals are being prepared. This boosted the trust of the customers towards the firm. Unlike other typical restaurants which have 30% of their total space as back of the house, this restaurant has only 22% of the total space left as back of the house (Warner 34). This has increased the space available for the restaurant. Another factor that distinguished this restaurant from others within this locality was the fact that its chefs were all from the parent country, Japan. All of them were young unmarried individuals with high standards of training in hospitality industry. The mannerism of the restaurant, though American in all aspects, had a touch of the Japanese culture, a fact that made it stand out as uniquely cultural. Simply put, the operation of this restaurant is positively unique. The design choices of this restaurant have positive contributions to the general operative efficiencies. The decision to have the cooking area located close to the dining hall is not only meant to please the customers as they watch their meals being prepared, but it also enhances the efficiency. The cooking area is very close to the customers and therefore the process of serving is easier. As the president of this restaurant admits, this has enabled the management to cut down on the operative cost because it would require a relatively lesser labor as compared to a conventional kitchen location in typical hotels (Page 76). The decision to reduce the back space of the hotel has also improved efficiency of

Emerging Market Firms vs Multinational Corporations

Emerging Market Firms vs Multinational Corporations A fresh breed of determined MNC is intensifying on the world, presenting both opportunities and challenges for conventional and well established multinationals. These new competitors hail from apparently unlikely places, emerging countries such as China, Russia, Brazil, India and even Indonesia and South Africa. They are vibrating the entire industries, from automobile and electronics to information technology and telecom services, and altering the systems of global competition. (Business Week, 2006, p. 42). 21st century has carried away with several new opportunities and challenges due to the events and improvements in the recent past. The impact of these developments is felt more on the developing countries as these rapidly progress in terms of financial and market growth therefore getting closer to the emerging markets. Developing countries such as China, India, Indonesia and Brazil play an important role in the world economy, entrepreneurs and corporate companies in these emerging markets are aiming to build a world class and internationalised firms. The main ambition of these Emerging Giants is to make the most of new opportunities and to be able to compete against international MNCs. So it is increasingly essential for the firms in emerging markets to get a clear understanding of these market opportunities and challenges to succeed in todays global economy. A clear picture of the current state affairs shows that though firms have been rigorously smacked by the economic crisis and t he drop in demand, the most of emerging firms have, so far, endured the test and prevented the collapse of their recently built international structures. However, there are a rising set of firms that appear to challenge these odds, and score stunning successes in their battles against MNCs. These firms, so called Emerging Giants, offer some imperative stuff in how emerging markets can craft endearing approaches. This report provides a general framework for developing world-class firms from emerging economies and the challenges and opportunities faced by these firms to become an Emerging Giants. Shock Opportunities faced by firms in emerging markets: Nowadays, many firms from emerging economies are making the world astonish and become very familiar. For the past two decades, waves of globalisation have removed protectionist hurdles in the emerging markets. A foreign competitive pressure started to flow through the world economy, from firms in emerging economies like India, China, Brazil and Russia. These firms are looking to become world class global players just as Tata Steel rose from India and Sony emerged from Japan in earlier stages of globalisation. Once these emerging economies entered themselves into the world economy, multinational enterprises from Europe, America, Korea, and Japan were assaulted. Many domestic firms lost the market share and forced to shed off their businesses. However, a few organisations battled hard and survived. They held their own businesses against the blitz, restructured their organisations, utilized new opportunities, and developed international companies that made their global rivals astonish and made them think. Challenges faced by emerging market firms: Whilst companies from the emerging economies continue with their expansion of international business, they are faced with an enduring issue are they capable to manage their accumulated assets economically on a global scale. Emerging firms are facing many challenges particularly due to inappropriate organizational structure, talent shortage, cultural differences, and lack experience in international business management. While facing specific challenges in various sectors and industries, emerging giants often come across common difficulties. One key issue about this dominance is that MNCs may use their supremacy and influence to interfere in the host governments finance, economic and political policies for their own growth (Harrison, Dalkiran, Elsey, 2000). The significant challenge for these emerging companies is to successfully compete with MNCs which have two fundamental advantages over emerging economy firms. First challenge is MNCs are well conventional, and hence have advantages of incumbency: Reputation, infrastructure, brand image, latest technology, organisational structure and access to vast resource funding, contacts, distribution network and supplier (Malchow Moller, N., Markusen, 2007). But firms from emerging markets do not have these advantages in order to compete against the multinationals. The worst part is that they come from economies that experience severe market breakdown. They lack the infrastructure and HRM that makes a multinational firm. With developed markets getting increasingly saturated, Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are trying to expand their business globally. Global businesses have enormously increasing due to fact that decreasing of barriers in the international trading. Because of this fact most of the multinational enterprises storming in to emerging economies in order take the advantage of the conditions and opportunities for future growth. Local consumers have a wider choice after the arrival of multinational corporations . As a result local firms from emerging markets are left with very fewer opportunities and the influx will restrict the emerging firms growth. When emerging economies open-up, local firms are forced to fight against MNCs with their poor economy and hence they cannot invest more in RD, advertising and marketing which are some of the essential aspects in order to compete with multinational enterprises. They are also in the back foot due to meagre infrastructure, supply and distribution network. Even while emerging companies are able to evade some of these obstacles and settle on a path of rapid development, they are hindered by the low domestic management talent group in their attempts t o develop a world class organisation. In theory, emerging firms can triumph over some of these barriers by accessing global markets for technology, finance and talent (Lipsey, 2002.). However, in prevailing conditions, different rigid and reputational obstacles often make this choice difficult to implement. Because of this reason, management in emerging economies are evidently worried about being thrown out in their domestic market by MNCs wh en their domestic markets provide space to global competition. Last 2 decades have seen a wave of countries opening up to the world economy; the challenge for potential emerging giants is more extreme than before. Competing against MNCs: Multinational firms from developed markets have an imperative advantage over emerging economies firms-access to the excellent organisational infrastructure. For example, U.K. MNCs have access to the British financial markets, which eases them to raise low-cost finance structures in great quantity. They have world-class talent available through a well-built white-collar labour market and also they could able to develop good quality products using Research development centres, marketing and advertising techniques. They are ahead of firms from developing countries with latest and advanced technologies developed by pioneering firms. Having all these advantages, wouldnt Firms from developed countries make use of business opportunities in emerging economies better than the emerging economy firms themselves? However, emerging market firms have a significant advantage over the firms from international companies. There are some reasons why firms from emerging economy can potentially turn the disadvantage of functioning in an emerging economy into an advantage, and may counteract the incumbency benefit of MNCs in terms of their technology, brand image and access to capital. First, sophisticated market MNCs looking to take advantage of business opportunities in developing markets are faced with some challenges that emerging market firms have to contend with. For example, firms from developed countries look to exploit professional talent in emerging market. However, the firm has to deal with the excellence uncertainty in the labour market, and learn ways to find skilled professional to serve global market needs. It also has to study to operate with poorly built infrastructure. Emerging economy manufacturers have a distinct advantage over foreign MNEs in dealing with local institutional voids for example-they have significant experience and cultural knowledge in dealing with these issues. In fact, MNCs managers, spent their years of experience with a well-built infrastructure, are often are unable to deal with institutional issues that make it difficult to access consistent market information, and/or configure business partnerships based on trustworthy con tracts. Emerging economies businesses, in contrast, have extensive knowledge of these institutional voids, and are able to manage them around through relaxed collective mechanisms and a deep knowledge with their environment. Second, MNCs are often hesitant to tailor their commodities and distribute them to each country that they function in. This is especially true for western MNCs with a very successful business in large sophisticated markets in Northern and Western Europe. For these firms, it is too expensive and big headache to alter their goods and services to suit distinctive behaviour just to make use of what they see as risky and small business prospects in emerging economies. Their cost structure is also an important factor because it will be difficult for them to manufacture goods at price which is optimal for emerging markets. Firms in emerging markets, in contrast, have advantage over these constraints.

Analysis of Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay -- Richard

In â€Å"Richard Cory†, Edwin Arlington Robinson uses irony, simplicity, and perfect rhyme to depict the theme of the poem. The rhyme in â€Å"Richard Cory† is almost song-like, and it continues throughout the whole poem. The theme of the poem is that appearances are deceiving. The poem is about a man who everyone thinks is a â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown†, who then commits suicide. Irony is used in the poem very skillfully to show that appearances may be deceiving. When reading the poem, you get caught up in the song-like rhythm and it intensifies the effect of the tragedy. You think that everything is going perfectly, and that the poem is going to have a happy ending until you get to the last two lines, which are, â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,/ Went home and put a bullet through his head.† When Richard Cory kills himself at the end of the poem, it is as shocking to the reader as it is to everyone else in the poem who assumed him to be the all around perfect guy. It is ironical that the man who everyone else thought was â€Å"perfect†, was missing something, and took his life Why does everyone want to be like someone else? It is human nature to want to be admired and honored. This is not right, though. Each and everyone person should be happy with who they are because just imagine if everyone were perfect and the same. The world would be quite boring. Edwin Robinson clearly shows us in his poem "Richard Cory" that the life of someone else may not be all what it is cracked up...

Qwl Journal of Management and Business Research

Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume 12 Issue 18 Version 1. 0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4588 & Print ISSN: 0975-5853 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh By Mohammad Baitul Islam East West University (EWU, BD) Abstract – Quality of work life is a critical concept with having lots of importance in employee’s life.Quality of work life indicates a proper balance both in work and personal life which also ensure organizational productivity and employee’s job satisfaction. This research study attempted to find out the factors that have an impact and significance influence on quality of work life of employees in private limited companies of Bangladesh. To begin with the factors are identified through literature review and current context of Bangladesh. Seven factors were found and a quantitative research was done. After developing a questionnaire, survey was conducted among 100 employees.The outcome of the research is that six out of seven factors (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, working environment, working condition and career growth) have significant influence on quality of work life. The study concluded that an appropriate organization culture, compensation policy, career growth and relative facilities can leads to a satisfied employee mindset which ensure the overall organization productivity. Keywords : Quality of work life, Job satisfaction, Organization Productivity, Career, Organization Culture, Relative Facility.GJMBR-A Classification : FOR Code: 150305, 150311 JEL Code: J28, O15 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:  © 2012. Mohammad Baitul Islam. This is a research/review paper, dis tributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3. 0 Unported License http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3. 0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Business Management Study GuideFactors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Mohammad Baitul Islam Abstract – Quality of work life is a critical concept with having lots of importance in employee’s life. Quality of work life indicates a proper balance both in work and personal life which also ensure organizational productivity and employee’s job satisfaction. This research study attempted to find out the factors that have an impact and significance influence on quality of work life of employees in private limited companies of Bangladesh.To begin with the factors are identified through literature review and current context of Banglad esh. Seven factors were found and a quantitative research was done. After developing a questionnaire, survey was conducted among 100 employees. The outcome of the research is that six out of seven factors (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, working environment, working condition and career growth) have significant influence on quality of work life.The study concluded that an appropriate organization culture, compensation policy, career growth and relative facilities can leads to a satisfied employee mindset which ensure the overall organization productivity. Keywords : Quality of work life, Job satisfaction, Organization Productivity, Career, Organization Culture, Relative Facility. II. Background of the Study n Bangladesh a good number of people are working in private sector and they contribute a certain level of valuable time to their companies.In there, they give their best effort to get an appreciation and for company’s goodwill. But quality of work life is such a concept which needs a certain balance both in professional and personal life. This research is all about identifying the factors that directly affects one’s quality of work life. It is very important to have a positive quality of work life experience if someone wants to give his or her 100 percent effort to the company.Quality of work life is a philosophy or set of principals which holds that people are trustworthy, responsible and capable of making valuable contribution to the organization (Rose, Beh, Uli & Idris, 2006). However, quality of work life is directly influenced by job satisfaction and external environment and personal like. There should have be a proper level of balance in work life and total life space. In my research, I have identified some major factors that Author : BBA (Marketing & HRM) & MBA (HRM), East West University (EWU, BD).PGD (Marketing Management), Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM, BD). E-mail : [email  prote cted] com I I. Introduction It is very important for employees to have a sound mindset in their work field in order to utilize their full potential and to add value to the organization. A satisfied employee is an asset for a company as he or she will ensure the full productivity. To begin with, quality of work life is such a concept that directly related to the satisfaction.According to Dolan, Garcia, Cabezas and Tzafrir (2008), quality of work life is a major concern for employees and how organizations compact with this issue is both of academic and practical consequence. Therefore, job satisfaction and satisfaction in private life both are important for having a positive quality of work life experience. Mostly the quality of work life considers the work life and it is to change the climate at work along with human-technological-organizational interface (Luthans, 1995).According to (Davis & Cherns, 1975; Sashkin & Burke, 1987), quality of work life is not only enhancing the company ’s productivity but also employee identification and a sense of belonging and pride in their work. Based on various researches we can identify some determinants of quality of work life which are – adequate and fair compensation, safe and health work environment, opportunity for career growth and security, social integration in the work organization which relates to freedom of speech, work and total life space and the social relevance to the work. 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I may directly affect the quality of work life experience and the factors are, work load, working condition and career growth, compensation and benefits, working environment which are directly influence the job satisfaction. These factors are controllable by the company. Besides, family life and transportation facilities are the other factors that directly influenced individual’s mental motivation in Banglade sh.However, the meaning of quality of work life may vary to different people. So the primary objective of this research is to test the reliability of identified factors that influenced the quality of work life and the insights are captured from the employees of private limited companies of Bangladesh. Based on the primary objective and data evaluation, a recommendation has been drawn in my research. Year 2012 23 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh 24 2Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I In Bangladesh candidate’s supply is more than the demand therefore it is difficult to find one’s suitable job in the market. Though the private companies are increasing but employee satisfaction is still a major concern for quality of work life. Along with that, in Bangladesh employee satisfaction can be hampered by private life also. Transportation engagement is a maj or part of private life and in Bangladesh lack of transportation facility is a vital issue for late coming in the office.In this study I have included family life and transportation facility in to the quality of work life concept. These two factors are also related to mental health of employees and a sound mental health is very important to gain enthusiasm in the work. However, I have also included some other factors which works inside the organization and also related to quality of work life of employees. In the context of quality of work life, organizations have policies and benefits for proper employee valuation.Quality of work life is often considered in two direction, one is to removal of negative aspects of work and working conditions and other direction is the modification of work and working conditions to enhance the capability of employees and to promote behavior which important for individual and society (Kotze, 2005). According to Dessler (1981), quality of work life was seen as the level to which employees are able to satisfy their personal needs not only in terms of material matters but also of self respect, contentment and an opportunity to use their talents make contribution and for personal growth.So it is very important for an organization to provide employees proper valuation which will satisfy them and will ensure the productivity. III. ? Research Objectives a) Broad Objectives Determining the Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh. b) Specific Objectives ? ? ? ? Determining the variables that affect the quality of work life of employees. Determining which variable plays the most significant role on quality of work life.Establishing hypothesis on the basis of the research work. Drawing a qualitative and quantitative conclusion on the basis of the survey. IV. Literature Review Based on researchers analysis numerical articles have been written on quality of work life. In case of Bangladesh the research article on quality of work life is very few. In this study I have tried my best to introduce some concerning factors that affects the quality of work life of those people who are working in private sector of Bangladesh.I do believe several advantages are associated with my study. Quality of work life is such a concept that indicates a balance both in personal and professional life of an individual. Therefore; it can be hampered if someone is not satisfied with his or her work life or family life. However; positive quality of work life experience is very important and it is directly interrelated with job satisfaction and productivity. It is a fact which also controls the mental health.According to Plug, Louow & Gouws (1991) mental health is a state of relative good alteration that is escorted by feeling of satisfaction, a zest for life and the actualization of potential skills as well as absence of psychopathological conditions. So to have a positive quali ty of work life experience, a good quality of life is very important. Mendola and Pellingrini (1979) summarized quality of life as it is the individual’s accomplishment of a satisfactory social situation within the limits of apparent physical ability.Every human has a concern about their life and quality comes out when it the concentrations ends with some specific points. According to Shin and Johnson (1978) Quality of life is the ownership of resources necessary for the satisfaction of individual needs, wants and desires, participation in the activities permitting personal development and self actualization and satisfactory comparison between oneself and others. Moreover, a proper balance in quality of work life can generate more productivity for an organization. A satisfied employee can give more than 100 percent contribution to his or her company.If we consider the whole organization as an internal environment then it becomes very important to have optimum work pressure, a ccurate benefits and enough facility along with career development within the company. All of these interrelated with the job satisfaction and therefore quality of work life. Besides, if we consider the external environment then family life, social status and transportation will be the vital factors. So having a proper balance in these areas is also important. In Bangladesh a great amount of people are working in private limited companies and the number of private company is increasing day by day.Considering the large number of population, in Bangladesh the human resource supply is more than the demand. Therefore, the bargaining power is more for company where candidates are having less bargain power. On the other hand, lots of employees are not running on their suitable jobs. It seriously affects their career development. Most of the employees consider compensation package and benefits, position, work load and career development as their satisfaction benchmark. However, in Banglade sh transportation facility is another very important factor that directlyYear 2012  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh affects employee’s mental health. Based on this, some upper level company like Grameenphone limited, Robi, Unilever Bangladesh, Nestle Bangladesh, Banglalink, some private banks, private universities has develop their own culture and working environment. Besides, a good compensation package and benefits are offered by them. All of these are important for job satisfaction and finally quality of work life.In Bangladesh, companies are mainly performance oriented and their organizational culture and work pressure may be the reason of dissatisfaction in quality of work life. As human supply is more so high turnover rate and high competition is also a major concern regarding quality of work life. Quality of work life has been defined in various ways. Accordin g to Rose, Beh, Uli and Idris (2006); quality of work life is a philosophy or set of principals, which holds that people are trustworthy, responsible and capable of making a valuable contribution to the organization.It also involves respect and the elements that are relevant to an individual quality of work life include task, working environment, organizational culture, administrative system and the relationship between on the job and off the job life. Serey (2006), define quality of work life as it is a certain and best meet the existing work environment along with meaningful and satisfying work. It also includes: a. an opportunity to implement one’s talents and abilities to face challenges that require independent initiative and self direction. b. an activity thought to be valuable by the individual’s involvement. c. n activity in which the role of individual in achievement of some overall goals is understandable. d. a sense of taking pride in what one is doing and i n doing it well. Lau, Wong, Chan and Law (2001) measures quality of work life as the favorable working atmosphere that chains and promotes satisfaction by giving employees with rewards, job security and career development opportunity. Therefore quality of work life and its relationship with employee health and performance has become an explicit objective for many of the human resource policies in modern organizations (Dolan, Saba, Jackson & Schuler, 2007).Heskett, Sasser and Schlesinger (1997) summarize quality of work life as the outlook that employees have towards their job, colleagues and organization that light a chain leading to the organization’s growth and profitability. Quality of life is such a concept which is basically associated with satisfaction mainly in the work life and Mirvis and Lawler (1984) highlighted that salary, working hours, working condition, safe working environment and opportunities for advancement describes- the basic components of a good quality of work life.Hackman and Oldhams (1980) suggest the V. Conceptual Framework A conceptual framework has been developed (Figure 1) that is one of the relative construct of this study. VI. Hypotheses Development 1= Word load has an impact on quality of work life of the employees 2 = Family life affects the quality of work life of the employees 3 = Transportation facilities affect quality of work life of the employees 4 = Compensation and benefits affects quality of work life of the employees = Colleagues and supervisor relationship affects quality of work life of the employees 6 = Working environment has an impact over quality of work life of the employees 7 = Working condition and career growth opportunities affects quality of work life of the employees VII. Based on research question following hypotheses has been developed for the study- Research Methodology The type of research used in this article is of descriptive nature. Through this descriptive research, the article sough t to determine the answers to why,  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I constructs of quality of work life in relation to the interaction between work environment and personal needs. Along with structural modification good relation between supervisor and subordinates is important for a good quality of work life (Bertrand and Scott, 1992). Quality of work life refers the quality of life that is associated with job characteristics and work conditions as well as capability of shaping a job with an employee’s option, interest and needs (Lawler 1982; and Beukema 1987; Datta 1999).Katzell et. Al (1975) defined quality of work life more broadly as an individual’s valuation of the outcome of the work relationship. They observed employee can have positive quality of work life if he has positive feelings towards his job, if he is motivated with his private life and if he has a balance between the t wo terms of his personal values. To conclude, most of the studies on quality of work life are focused on personality and job satisfaction in where some studies also focused on motivation, organization culture and individual’s needs and desire.In the context of Bangladesh the most important factors that directly affect the quality of work life are work load, compensation and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working condition and career development, working environment, family life and transportation facilities. After evaluation of studies and considering the nation these factors individually has an impact on quality of work life. 25 Year 2012 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh 26 2 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I hat, where and how questions of the existing employees in public sector of Bangladesh and their expectations. It also involves collecting i nformation that explain people’s beliefs, knowledge, attitude and behavior (Fink, 1995, Sommer & Sommer, 1996). Primary data was collected through telephone and online survey for analysis and secondary data was be used as a support tool. A total of 100 sample size considered to be adequate for my study. Each and every response is checked thoroughly for incomplete and missing response. The questionnaire has two parts in were the first part contains some demographic information.Table 1 gives a proper summary of this sort of information. In the second part, the questionnaire contains 32 items to construct the seven independent variables along with a dependent variable in my study. The selected independent variables are: work load, compensation and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working environment, working condition and career growth, family life and transportation. A five point Likert scale (1= Strongly Disagree to 5= Strongly Agree) was used to collect data from the resp ondents. The questionnaire was outlined in English and understandable.Reliability analysis was done to identify the reliability of my study. Beside this, regression analysis, hypothesis testing was done for a proper justification and to draw an appropriate recommendation in my study. VIII. mean scores of the factors of QWL with standard deviation also shown (Table 4) in my study. i. Hypotheses Testing To conduct the hypothesis test a regression analysis has been done and seven factors which have an effect in quality of work life are considered. However, details of the influence of independent variable over dependent variable have been shown in Table 7.First hypothesis was 1 , Word load has an impact on quality of work life of the employees. According to the analysis, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 000, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 1 is accepted. Second hypothesis was 2 , Family life affects the quality of work life of the employees. According to the analysis, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 000, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 2 is accepted.Third hypothesis was 3 , Transportation facilities affect quality of work life of the employees. In this case, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 007, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 3 is accepted. My fourth hypothesis was 4 , Compensation and benefits affects quality of work life of the employees. Here, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 000, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 4 is accepted.My fifth hypothesis was 5, Colleagues and supervisor relationship affects quality of work life of the employees. According to the analysis, the significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 332, which is greater than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So , null hypothesis is accepted and H5, is rejected. Sixth hypothesis was 6, working environment has an impact over quality of work life of the employees. The significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 014, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and is accepted. Final hypothesis was 7 working condition and career growth opportunities affects quality of work life of the employees. The significance value for the hypothesis is 0. 009, which is less than level of significance ? = 0. 05. So, null hypothesis is rejected and 7 is accepted. ii. Regression Analysis From the regression analysis (Table 5), I found the R square value to be 0. 425 meaning 42. 5% of the variability in the quality of work life of employees in the private limited companies in Bangladesh can be explained by these seven independent factors.In this case the independent variables are work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working environment and working condition and career growth. From the ANOVA table we see that the significance value is 0. 000 (Table Year 2012 Data Analysis and Findings My study contains 69% male respondent and 31% female respondent (Table 1). Among them 94% respondent’s age is in between 21-30 years and rest of 6% respondents is under 31-40 years of age. However, 44% respondents already have 2-3 years of professional experience in where 27% respondents have 3-5 years of experience.Moreover, some fresher’s are having 1-2 years of experiences are also included in my study and the percentage is 23%. A reliability analysis is commonly used to identify the internal consistency of the variables. However, Cronbach’s alpha is commonly used to test the reliability and the range of alpha coefficient value is in between 0 to 1. The higher value indicates the higher reliability (Hair, et al. , 1992). A value more than . 70 is significantly good measure for su fficient scale of reliability (Cronbach, 1951, Nunnally, 1987).According to the Cronbach’s alpha test the value of alpha in my study is 0. 732 (Table 2 & Table 3) which is higher than minimum acceptable value. Therefore, 73. 20% of data are reliable in my study. This reliable analysis has been done for all dependent and independent variables and so far I am satisfied. Besides, this reliability test contains 32 items based on which I make my hypothesis test. A  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) a) Demographic Data Analysis b) Secondary Data Analysis Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh ), thus proving that the model is valid and significant. However, among 7 factors six of them (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, working environment, working condition and career growth) have positive and significance influence on quality of work life. Only single factor named colleagu es and supervisor has no significance impact on quality of work life. Probably, respondents have given less notice on it. iii. Limitation This research study has some limitation and the major limitation factor for this report is complexity of the topic.Since the survey will be conducted on questionnaire therefore it is a great challenge to ensure the actual validity of the response. In some cases, the topics were not understood by the employees who have minimal idea about the quality of work life. Respondents are selected only from Dhaka city; therefore this research does not reflect the perception of employees of each corner of Bangladesh. However unwillingness of respondents was another limitation of my study. Moreover, R Square (0. 425) is comparatively low which means that other factors can also influence the quality of work life of employees in private limited companies of Bangladesh. v. References References Referencias 1. Arts, E. J. , Kerksta, J. and Van der Zee (2001) Quali ty of Working Life and Workload in Home Help Nordic College of Caring Sciences, 12-22. 2. Baptiste, N. R. (2008). Tightening the link between employee well-being at work and performance: A new dimension for HRM. Management Decision, 46(2), 284-309. 3. Bertrand, J. (1992). Designing quality into work life. Quality Progress, 12, 29-33. 4. Carayon, P. (1997). Temporal Issues of Quality of Working Life and Stress in Human Computer Interaction. International Journal of HumanComputer Interaction, 9(4), 325-342. 5. Carayon, P. , Hoonakker, S. & Scwarz, J. (2003). Job Characteristics and Quality of Working Life in the IT workforce: The role of gender, ACM SIGMIS CPR Conference. Edited by E. Trauth, April. 10-12, 2003, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: ACM Press, 5863 6. Cooper, C. L. (1991). Stress in organizations. In M. Smith (Ed. ), Analysing Organisational Behaviour. London: MacMillan. 7. Cummings, T. G. , & Molly, E. S. (1997). Improving Productivity and the Quality of Work Life. New York: P raeger Publishers. 8. Danna, K. , & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and wellbeing in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25(3), 357384. . Davison, Efraty, D. , & Sirgy, M. J. (1990). The effects of quality of working life (QWL) on employee behavioural responses. Social Indicators Research, 22, 31-37. 10. Elizur, D. , & Shye, S. (1990). Quality of work life and its relation to quality of life. Applied Psychology: International Review, 39(3), 275-291. 11. Fisher, C. D. , Schoenfeldt, L. F. and Shaw, J. B. (2004) Human Resources Management. Biztantra: New Delhi. 12. Goodman, P. S. (1980), ? Quality of Work Life Projects in 1980’s? Industrial Relations Research Association: pp-487-494  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) 27 Conclusion and RecommendationThis research study is tried to examine the factors that have an impact on quality of work life of employees of private limited companies in Bangladesh. The seven factors are work load, fami ly life, transportation, compensation policy and benefits, colleagues and supervisor, working environment and working condition and career growth. The outcome of the research indicates that six out of seven factors (work load, family life, transportation, compensation policy and benefit, working environment and working condition and career growth) have significant influence on quality of work life and the remaining factor (colleagues and supervisor) has no ignificant influence on quality of work life. From the finding, it can be recommended that quality of work life is such a critical concept that might be disturbed due to dissatisfaction of mind set. However, the companies can focus on their employee’s welfare by providing them a better and attractive compensation policy, optimum work load and by providing a superior work environment. The private companies should create a career growth opportunity within their environment that may lead to a better performance and therefore a better productivity.Moreover, participation management will increase the enthusiasm of employees as they will have an opportunity to participate with their ideas. So the private companies of Bangladesh can focus on it. On the other Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 hand, transportation is such a factor which is seriously involve in mental satisfaction. Therefore, if the companies can provide a transportation facility then they might grab a positive impression from employees and the employees may not need to harass by external environment.However, the government of Bangladesh can take some steps to provide adequate and affordable transportation facilities for the local people. Finally, I think if the company could manage our work life along with the transportation facility, our family or private life could be managed as we will be mentally happy. Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Li mited Companies in Bangladesh 28 2 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I 13. Glasier, E (1976), ? State of the Art, Questions about Quality of Work Life? Personnel. 14. Hanlon, M. D. and Gladstein, D. L. (1984) Improving the Quality of Work Life in Hospitals: A Case Study, Hospital Health Service Administration, 29(5), 94107. 15. Havlovic, S. J. (1991) Quality of Work Life and Human Resource Outcomes, Industrial Relations, 30(3), 469-479. 16. Khan, A. A. (2008). Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations (2nd Edn. ). Abir Publications: Dhaka. 17. Loscocco, K. A. and Roschelle, A. R. (1991) Influences on the Quality of Work and Non- Work Life: Two Decades in Review, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39(2), 182-225. 8. Lambert, S. J. (1990). Process linking work and family: A critical review and research agenda. Human Relations, 43, 239-257. 19. Lawler, E. E. (1975). Measuring the psychological quality of working life: The why and ho w of it, in L. E. Davis and A. B. Cherns (Ed. ), The Quality of Working Life, Vol. 1 (pp. 123-133). New York: Free Press. 20. Periman, S. L. (2006), â€Å"Human Resource Innovators, integrating quality of work life into organizational performance†, http://www. quaiindia. com [accessed 15 Jan 2010]. 21. Rose, R. C. , Beh, L. S. , Uli, J. , Idris, K. 2006) Quality of Work Life: Implications of Career Dimensions, Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 61-67. 22. Saraji, G. N. & Dargahi, H. (2006), â€Å"Study of Quality of Work Life (QWL)†, Iranian Journal of Publication Health 35(4), 8-14. 23. Walton, R. E. (1975), Criteria for Quality of Working Life, in Davis, L. E. & Cherns, A. B. (eds. ), The quality of working life, New York: The Free Press, pp. 99104. 24. Wyatt, T. A. & Wah, C. Y. (2001), â€Å"Perceptions of QWL: A study of Singaporean Employees Development†, Research and Practice in Human Resource Management 9 (2), 59-76 Year 2012  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Figure 1 : A Conceptual frame work of Factors affecting Quality of Work Life. Family Life Transportation Private Life Quality of Work Life 29 Work Life Work Load Compensation and Benefits Working Environment Colleagues and Supervisor Working Condition and Career Growth Table 1 : Demographic Profile of Respondent. Gender Male Female (%) 69. 00 31. 00 Age 21-30 years 31- 40 years 40 years an (%) 94. 00 6. 00 0. 00 Position Executive Sr. Executive Officer Sr. Officer Asst. Manager Manager Merchandiser Asst.Territory Officer Territory Manager Management Trainee Teacher Specialist Total 100. 00 Total 100. 00 Total (%) 48. 00 4. 00 19. 00 4. 00 6. 00 2. 00 2. 00 3. 00 3. 00 2. 00 4. 00 3. 00 100. 00 Total 100. 00 Year of 1-2 Years 2-3 Years 3-5 Years 5-7 Years 8 Years and (%) 23. 00 44. 00 27. 00 4. 00 2. 00  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and B usiness Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Table 2 : Reliability Statistics. Cronbach's Alpha . 32 Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items . 786 N of Items 32 Table 3 : Reliability Tests. Factor’s Name Items 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Values 0. 796 0. 60 0. 825 0. 526 0. 821 0. 927 0. 809 0. 471 Quality of Work Life (Dependent) Work Load (Independent) Family Life ((Independent)) Transportation (Independent) Compensation Policy and Benefits (Independent) Colleagues and Supervisor (Independent) Working Environment (Independent) Working Condition and Career Growth (Independent) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 30 2 Table 4 : Mean Scores of the Factors of QWL.Factors Workload Family Life Transportation Compensation Policy Colleagues and Supervisor Working Environment Working Condition and Career Growth Mean 3. 0800 3. 4350 3. 4900 2. 5325 4. 0325 3. 8700 3. 4850 Std. Deviation . 50861 . 94054 . 86524 1. 02473 . 74845 . 76581 . 64630 Table 5 : Regression Analysis. Model 1 R . 652(a) R Square . 425 Adjusted R Square . 381 Std. Error of the Estimate . 48606 a. Predictors: (Constant), Working Condition and Career Growth, Work Load, Transportation, Compensation Policy, Family Life, Colleagues and Supervisor, Working Environment Table 6 : ANOVA.Model Regression 1 Residual Total Sum of Squares 16. 072 21. 735 37. 807 df 7 92 99 Mean Square 2. 296 . 236 F 9. 718 Sig. .000(a) a. Predictors: (Constant), Working Condition and Career Growth, Work Load, Transportation, Compensation Policy, Family Life, Colleagues and Supervisor, Working Environment b. Dependent Variable: QWL  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life: An Analysis on Employees of Private Limited Companies in Bangladesh Table 7 : Hypothesis Testing. Coefficients (a)Model (Constant) Work Load Famil y Life Transportation Compensation Policy Colleagues and Supervisor Working Environment Working Condition and Career Growth Unstandardized Coefficients B 3. 425 . 577 . 287 -. 218 -. 245 -. 104 . 309 -. 308 Std. Error . 604 . 123 . 073 . 078 . 058 . 107 . 123 . 115 . 475 . 436 -. 305 -. 407 -. 126 . 382 -. 322 Standardized Coefficients Beta 5. 668 4. 705 3. 943 -2. 782 -4. 206 -. 974 2. 518 -2. 682 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 332 . 014 . 009 . 007 t Sig. 1 a. Dependent Variable: QWL  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue XVIII Version I Year 2012 31