The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway - 1734 Words

Ernest Hemingway was a man among men. He painted his life through written words. In his life Hemingway experienced events that would change him and shape the man that he was. Hemingway wrote about his time he spent in World War I in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, and in his last novel, The Old Man and the Sea, he writes about his fishing exploits, both of which Hemingway experienced himself. By comparing these two works that he has written, a reader can perceive his linguistic style and the reflection on himself through the protagonists in the stories. Hemingway is among the great American writers. He served his time in World War I and was always his best character. Hemingway became a celebrity and a legend in his lifetime. The amount of drama in his love-life seemed to overshadow the great quality of the work that he produced. Hemingway can also be considered a literary scholar, a reader and writer of many books. People might not realize this because of all the safari trips, the fishing, bull-fighting, and the war, that he took part in. His first novel, The Sun also Rises, was written in 1926, when Hemingway was in Paris after World War I. Like all writers, there are some that influence others. The ancient author of the Aeneid, Virgil was influenced by Homer, the author of the Odyssey and the Iliad. All three stories share some of the same places, characters, and some history of the great city of Troy. But one tells it in more detail or in a different perspectiveShow MoreRelatedThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1599 Words   |  7 PagesNew York, NY USA 10027 Dear Pulitzer Prize Judging Board: The Old Man and the Sea by American author, Ernest Hemingway deserved the Pulitzer Prize it received because of the author s use of craft elements, the realness of all of the characters and events, and the lasting themes that are relevant to the year it was written that were created by this realness, which in turn created a legacy. The first reason The Old Man and the Sea deserved its Pulitzer Prize is because of the author’s use of craftRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1744 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† by Ernest Hemingway is a story about an old man named Santiago who has to overcome many obstacles in his time at sea and in life (Hemingway). Despite being a fisherman, Santiago has not caught fish in 84 days and is faced by numerous dilemmas and shortcomings as things seem to always go wrong for him (Hemingway). This paper provides an analysis of the novel by interpreting it as a secular humanist epic. This paper hypothesizes that the character of Santiago is guided byRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1952 Words   |  8 Pagesinternal conflicts; there are many internal and external conflicts in the novella. One of the main conflicts is that Santiago couldn’t catch the marlin. This is resolved by Santiago eventually catching the fish three days after he returned back to sea after he had an eighty four day unsuccessful streak; this solution is believable because he was determined to catch the fish which he did. A secondary conflict in this novella was that Santiago began to talk to himself because Manolin is no longer withRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway2056 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† by Ernest Hemingway Plot Summary: â€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† relates the difficult life of an old Cuban fisherman that struggles in his profession for a long period of time until he catches the biggest fish in his life. The story begins presenting readers the fact that Santiago, the old fisherman, has been eighty-four days without catching a fish. This uncomfortable situation leads Manolin, a teenager who works with Santiago, to leave him under his father’s command.Read MoreThe Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesThe Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway After reading this novel, The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, I was confused about something the old man kept repeating. During the course of the book, the old man, Santiago, refers to having gone out to far to catch the fish. To me, this sounds as though he is making excuses for himself as to why he could not bring the fish in. On the other hand, he may have realized that he should not have gone out so far because it was not worth it forRead MoreAn Old Fisherman in The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway939 Words   |  4 Pages On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born to Grace Hall-Hemingway and Clarence Edmonds Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois. He started off his writing career in high school, when he was writing sports articles for the high school newspaper. From there, he moved on to writing for the Kansas City Star, where he learned to write in his unique short sentences, declarative, writing style. From journalism, Hemingway moved on to the military life an d met a nurse in Milan that was his inspiration for â€Å"ARead MoreErnest Hemingway s A Old Man And The Sea1588 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, an Intense Macho Bullfighting Woodsman of an author, If you met him in person you would not beleive him when he told you he s an author. However Ernest Hemingway is a very accomplished author, well known as the Chronicler of the lost generation, and for his Pulitzer Prize winning Old Man and the Sea. Hemingway also was known for his collection of short stories, like In Another Country and The Snows of Kilimanjaro, as with many of his stories these two are set in 2 places he hasRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Old Man And The Sea942 Words   |  4 PagesSome believe to live is to endure, and in Ernest Hemingway s The Old Man and the Sea This idea is explored in a simplistic style of writing called Iceberg Theory, a style unique to Hemingway. In this powerful, yet simple novel Ernest Hemingway eloquently portrays the hardships of the average man. Old Man and the Sea is based on an old man named Santiago and his battle with a giant Marlin in the middle of the sea. The old man s experience with the marlin is one of misfortune, pride, and accomplishmentRead MoreThe Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Old Man and the Sea There is a scene in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, when after a shark has taken a big chunk about forty pounds off Santiago prize marlin catch, Santiago begin to doubt whether he should have gone out to sea and wishes that he had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed with his newspaper (103). Immediately after the Santiago says, â€Å"But man is not made for defeat a man can be destroyed but not defeated† (103). The life of Ernest Hemingway intertwines to theRead MoreRelationship Between The Old Man And The Sea And Ernest Hemingway1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthe author of The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway. Gertrude, an American novelist, poet, playwright and art collector, served as a mentor for Ernest. The novelist also served as a godmother to Ernest along with her companion, Alice B. Toklas. Ernest Hemingway used his experience with Gertrude in his 1952 book, The Old Man and The Sea. Santiago and Manolin share a relationship similar to Ernest Hemingway and Gertrude Stein. Throughout The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway provides many details

The Punishment Of The Death Penalty Essay - 3196 Words

The ultimate punishment of the death penalty has long been advocated in the light of its ability to deter future capital crimes and its ability to bring closure and retribution to those who were directly affected by it. Many advocates for the death penalty have always used deterrence and retribution as their salient topics but deterrence and retribution are starting to lose their efficacy. The population of death row has dropped every year for 13 consecutive years, from 2000-2013, and only 16% of the people on death row have been executed since 1973 (Snell, 2013). Eighteen states have abolished the death penalty and the remaining 32 states have reduced their practices of the death penalty, given this 13 consecutive year drop rate of death row inmates (Death Penalty Info, 2015). A majority of the studies conducted on the death penalty focus on deterrence, a few on costs, even less on the innocent and only one on plea bargains it is clear that the studies on this debate should be more diverse. This literature review aims at examining these different aspects to weigh the integrity of the death penalty. The death penalty does not bring what it used to into our criminal justice system with deterrence degraded, the number of innocent people stacking, practices in favor of the prosecutors, and an overcharged bill to sum it all up (Judge Alarcà ³n Mitchell, 2002; Rakoff, 2014; Land, Teske, Zheng, 2009; Gross, Hu, Kennedy, O’Brien, 2014). These are not the results that theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty And Punishment928 Words   |  4 PagesPunishment by death dates back in multiple cultures and societies for as long as records have been kept. According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC), 4th century’s Roman Law of the Twelve Tab lets through 18th century Babylon, where around 25 crimes preempted punishment by death, included some documented forms of the death penalty. Common methods in these times included crucifixion, beatings, and burning while alive. European influence brought capital punishment to the Americas whereRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Punishment Of Punishment2059 Words   |  9 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Death Penalty goes as far back as the Ancient Laws of China as established as punishment for crimes. In the 18th Century BC, the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes, although murder was not one of them. Lex Talionis is the principle or law of retaliation that a punishment inflicted corresponds in degree kind to the offense of the wrongdoerRead MoreThe Punishment Of The Death Penalty1620 Words   |  7 Pages The 2005 decision made in Roper v. Simmon s’ declared that the crimes committed by people under the age of 18 would not be punishable by death. Because of this the United States Supreme Court challenged the constitutionality of the death penalty for juveniles. Whether the decision was appropriate or not is still under intense debate to this day. â€Å"A primary purpose of the juvenile justice system is to hold juvenile offenders accountable for delinquent acts while providing treatment, rehabilitativeRead MoreThe Punishment Of The Death Penalty1634 Words   |  7 Pageskill then you are killed. I am for Capital Punishment. I started class with this view and although I have been tested through some of the topics, I stand by my decision. It seemed easy to think that way. Through the course, I have learned how to better articulate and understand my views. I still have the same gut reaction that those who kill get killed, but I now understand why I feel this way. I agree in most part with the practices of the death pe nalty, although I do feel that some reform wouldRead MoreThe Punishment Of The Death Penalty867 Words   |  4 Pages Despite the widespread abandonment of death sentencing by many developed nations, the United States continues to execute citizens every year. The standard methods used to execute Americans have evolved over time. Each state has adopted their own preferences for sentencing those convicted of the most heinous crimes. Death by lethal injection is now most commonly practiced and hangings, firing squads, and the electric chair, have been progressively phased out. American society continues to dignifyRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Death Penalty Elizabeth del Rio San Jose State University Abstract This paper will propose all the arguments for and against the use of the death penalty as a form of punishment. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a punishment for criminals who haveRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crime. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminalsRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1212 Words   |  5 PagesMoney, Complications, Delays, and Innocents: Controversy Against the Death Penalty The government has sanctioned the practice of the death penalty to those who are believed to be deserving of such serious retribution. Capital punishment manages to maintain a large amount of public support; however, it has recently received the label of a dying practice. The decline of executions can be traced back to the high price, complicated procedures, and ongoing trials placed on these cases because of theRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1106 Words   |  5 Pages Jesse Jackson once said, â€Å"Capital punishment turns the state into a murderer.† Capital punishment has been around for several hundred years, the first documented execution in America taking place in 1608, but more recently this form of punishment has been raising questions on its morality. While the form of execution has changed over the years, from firing squad to lethal injection, all forms succeed in their purpose: to kill. Support for capital punishment is still very strong in Americ a, the reasonsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Ultimate Punishment882 Words   |  4 PagesLlamas Curtis Becker Comp 1 03 October 2017 The death penalty The death penalty is the ultimate punishment. There is no harsher punishment than death itself. This nation, the United States of America, is currently one of fifty-eight nations that practice the death penalty, if one commits first-degree murder as of 2012. People that believe in the death penalty also believe that it will deter murders. In this paper I will argue that the death penalty does not deter criminals and that this nation should

Contemporary Business Issues for Wesfarmers Limited †A Powerful Case

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Business Issuesfor Wesfarmers Limited. Answer: Introduction Wesfarmers limited is an Australian organization. It has covered almost a hundred years after being founded in the year 1914. Other than Australia, the organization has its branches in New Zealand, Bangladesh, Ireland, and United Kingdom. It operates in the conglomerate industry. Approximately, 205,000 people are employed in the Wesfarmers limited. It was originally founded as a co-operative of Western Australian farmers, which provided services and commodities. In the year 1984, became a huge conglomerate after being listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. The company has many subsidiaries all over the globe. The company has avoided the effects of the Global Financial Crisis, which shows the strength of the organization. It has tried to expand overseas, while the other Australian organizations have failed. This makes the move of Wesfarmers a bold one. Sticking to the Australian market which is small regarding the size of the domestic market, the company with its huge resources, has the strength to expand (Islam, Jain and Haque 2016). A Strategic Management Cycle framework shows how governance by the authorities of an organization creates strategy and implements those with absolute control to direct the organization towards sustainability. The work of an organizations governing body is strategy formation and implementation, which involves the board of the members, CEO of the company and the senior management. They together control the operations with the strategic operations. These are the internal attributes of the company. The accountability of the stakeholders depends on the sustainability of the organization, which is an external attribute. It depends on the satisfaction level of the stakeholders. If the stakeholders think that the strategies adopted by the governing body will ensure profit in the long run, they will keep investing in the market. The Wesfarmers Limited has taken several strategies. The report analyzes the strategies adopted by the company and the outcomes which will follow the actions of the g overning body (Richardson 2014). Strategic Management Cycle Framework: Figure 1: Strategic Management Cycle Framework for Wesfarmers Limiteds success. Source: (As created by the author.) Policies: The Strategic Management Cycle for Wesfarmers Limited has shown how the policies are relevant for the companys growth. Some of the policies can be listed as follows: Entrepreneur of the year of 1989, Trevor Eastwood, of Wesfarmers said, We set target rates for people and the level of returns they ought to get at various levels in the company. This caused people to concentrate on the things that really mattered in life and we started to see tremendous growth in profitability which generated funds that we were able to invest in further diversification and gave us additional growth. Providing the workers one target at a time helped them completing the tasks with undivided attention. Before implementing this strategy, the organization was returning less than 10 per cent on the shareholder funds. After adopting this policy, the returning increased to a whopping 22 per cent by the year 1989 (Adams 2016). Wesfarmers had introduced a gender diversity policy. This has ensured a long term success story for the organization. For the last five years the percentage of workers who are women, has been more or less the same. The percentage of women workers is more than male workers in the organization. According to the spokespersons of the company, this attribute will help the company to achieve an inclusive culture. It will also help the organization to improve talent management, Increase the efficiency in the recruitment practices. The pay equity will also be addressed by this policy (Moscardo et al. 2013). Percentage of female employees in Wesfarmers Limited Years 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Non-executive directors 25 25 30 30 33 Senior-executive directors 22 21 25 25 25 All management roles 26 28 28 29 29 Total workforce 57 57 57 56 55 Table 1: Female employees percentage in Wesfarmers Limited. Source: (Developed by the author.) These were the policies implemented by the governing body of Wesfarmers. The policies are made for reaching the targets like long run sustainability, growth, increase in total revenue, and others. This is the initial process of the Strategic Management Cycle Framework. The next step comes as the strategy creation by the senior management and the CEO (Hubbard, Rice and Galvin 2014). Strategies and Their Implementation: Market Segmentation: The company segmented the consumers of the market depending on their valuation of the commodities sold. According to the spokespersons of the organization, this is "the essence of executing the retail business model." The greatness of the strategy is that it helps the company to produce the goods which are more demanded by the consumers most. This increases the revenue of the organization. Understanding the consumer demographic will help the organization to determine the quantity and quality which is needed by the customers. Generating new insights into the customers of the organization will increase the profit margins of the company (Morison and Ramsay 2014). Pricing Strategy: The conglomerate industry is following an aggressive pricing strategy, where each firm is trying to get more market share by reducing their prices. But this can only be achieved if the suppliers of Wesfarmers Limited can approve to lowering their prices. The market became more customer-driven since the Global Financial Crisis. The company has two choices, one is being the price leader, and the other one is suggesting being the price follower of the leading firm. Changing the prices of the commodities costs the organizations. Thus, changing the price in the short run or the long-term is a point of concern. Making a low price and sticking to it is the best strategy for the company. This grows the trust in the customers. The retailers need data mining in order to create market segments. Here, price is the major factor which divides the market (Harding, Shankar and Jackson 2013). Private Labels: Another strategy worth mentioning is regarding a certain trend of using private labels in the market. The other companies in the industry have introduced several products which are carrying the companies private label. This increases and promotes the brand name. But this strategy has some loopholes. The suppliers who used to supply the similar goods are losing their market share as they mainly sell their products to these large conglomerates. It shakes the intermediate goods industry. The price of the goods supplied by the small suppliers gets challenged. It reduces the value of products. There are some customers who are loyal to these products. They miss the chance of buying their product of choice. Wesfarmers created a code of conduct which saves the interest of the suppliers. This creates a strong bond with the stakeholders of Wesfarmers. These standardized set of principles provided the company new reputation in the market (Cheng, Green and Ko 2014). Treatment of Animals: Wesfarmers and its supplier follow the treatment of animals through their ethical sourcing. Animal welfare is considered in the management ethical strategies. The management of suppliers on the commercial grounds of price, quality, and efficiency are the key issues of fairness, ethics and doing the right thing is now, therefore, becoming more prominent (Klettner, Clarke and Boersma 2014). Internationalization: The organization has considered a new international strategy, which let the organization acquire a home base in the United Kingdom. The organization has past history of challenging bigger names and winning them over in their turf. The company is trying the same here in the foreign land while the other conglomerates of Australia failing doing the same. This makes the move highly risky (Akbar and Ahsan 2014). Strategic Operations: Wesfarmers has ensured delivering shareholder return both in the short run and in the long run. The cash flow generation process of the organization incorporates: Growth in long term earning possibilities. Efficient management of working capital in the organization and its subsidiaries. Creating a strong process of capital expenditure. The shareholders are benefited by the service being provided by the organization. To ensure a positive return for the shareholders in the short run, as well as the long run the company has ensured the following: The returns on the invested capitals are improved through the strategies and implemented policies. Growth of the dividends over the time. This provides long run positive returns for the shareholders. Capital and resources are scarce. Thus these have to be handled efficiently. The organization has ensured effective management of capital. The organization invests above the cost of the capital. It provides security to the shareholders, and makes the shares more lucrative. The financial discipline of the organization is such designed that it provides positive returns in the long run. Any exogenous shock which might disrupt the companys revenue is considered while designing the finance system (Janssens and Kaptein 2014). Strategies for Sustainability: Sustainable growth is every companys main agenda. To achieve this, every company takes some strategies and implements some policies. The outcome of the policies determines whether the policies implemented were appropriate for the companys sustainability. This sustainability is ensured by consistent growth. The job of the organizations CEO and other senior management officers is to ensure this growth pattern. To attain sustainability an organization needs some policies which will survive for a long term. By long term it is meant that all the factors of production of the company are variable (James 2013). Acquisition: The CEO of the Wesfarmers, Richard Goyder (since 2005) has taken strategy which is relatively aggressive. He opted for attaining growth through acquisition. The transactions were done just before the Global financial Crisis, which made the move riskier. But constant work by the CEO made the move a success (Kotler et al. 2015). Positive return on capital: For achieving a successive growth rate, the company needs sustaining increase in shareholder value. Hence, the return on capital is important for the company. According to Bob Every, retired Chairman of Wesfarmers, the main strategy for sustainability the company follows is ensuring positive return on the capital consistently. Human resource department and reputation: The value creating strategies followed by the company is ensured by taking responsibility of not only the shareholders, but of the stakeholders also. Appropriate governance, gender and racial diversity, human rights, transparent transactions also add to the value. This also goes to the organizations reputation (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Code of conduct maintained by HR department: The department of Human Resources, to ensure sustainable growth, has created code of conduct which helps the fifteen thousand suppliers across the group. This move not only created a good relationship between the suppliers and Wesfarmers, it also helped to create a healthy business environment. This is a must for having a sustaining future (Rowe et al. 2014). Summary of Recommendations: Recognizing top talents and using them according to the demand prevailing in the market with the help of the HR department. Risk assessment of the market before expansion. Creating a better client base by product surveys in different geographical segments of the market. Researching the market thoroughly before acquisition. Creating private labels for those products which are less supplied by the suppliers. Proposal of Implementing Recommendations: Top Talents Recognition by the HR Department: The Human Resource department has to recognize talents which are responsible for the organizations well being and good reputation. These are the people whose actions have added value to the service provided by the organization. These people can belong from within the organization and outside the organization. The workers, working in Wesfarmers Limited directly are within organization talents, and those who are from the supplier companies are called outside the organization talents. To ensure top quality service by these people in the future, the company and the Hr department can give those workers prizes and other incentives for their quality of service. The prizes can be in either cash, or in kind. They can be provided with more incentives. This will show those employees that good work is appreciated. Other workers within and outside of the organization, seeing this, will try to join in and increase their production (Limnios and Mazzarol 2014). Risk Assessment Before Expansion: Before expanding the market by bringing in new products or opening new stores, the company has to see the market demand for the same. The demand structure will guide the organization to answer of whether to expand or not. The expansion can be divided into product expansion and operating stores expansion. The demand structure will show the trend line. Without increased demand, there is no need for expansion. The nature of the increased demand has to be assessed. If the increase is for short run, just an increase in the production will suffice. If the increase shows long run potential and permanent, the organization can expand by producing more products and opening new stores in selected places (Kenny 2013). Product Survey and Different Geographical Segments: Wesfarmers Limited operates in a vast geographical area and in both domestic and international markets. It incorporates several cultures, races, geographical positions, and many more attributes, due to which the demand pattern changes. The demand for goods is different in different communities. Geographical positions also play an important role in determining the type of good to be sold. For example, the places which are relatively hot, needs less woollen products than those places which are relatively cold. Hence, the products require a survey in each location to determine the products demand. Otherwise, it will create over supply and inventory accumulation (Berk et al. 2013). Market Research Before Acquisition: A thorough market research is needed before acquiring another firm. The financial situation of the organizations and the economys strength has to be assessed before the acquisition. Otherwise, an action like acquisition, which includes significant transactions might cause economic blunder and hurt the organization financially. The acquisition of Coles by Wesfarmers was just before the Global Financial Crisis. The situation left the CEO in jeopardy, though he managed to climb out of it with hard work for days. A proper research prior the acquisition would have saved him from the troubles. The Wesfarmers Limited has the potential to acquire many regional companies, which can increase Wesfarmers revenue. Proper market research will show the company if the timing is perfect for the acquisition (Brown 2014). Private Labels: The code of conduct binds the organization from preparing private labels, as it will hurt the suppliers. The suppliers, who are already operating in the market knows how to minimize the cost and hence creating private label for those goods is not an efficient decision. But there are some goods which has relatively less number of suppliers. The organization can also start selling new products, which are not supplied by the suppliers yet. The senior management has to find among these products, which has high demand in the market. This way the organization can increase its brand value and the total revenue as well (Jones, Hillier and Comfort 2014). References: Adams, M.A., 2016. Contemporary case studies in corporate governance failures. Governance Directions, 68(6), p.335. Akbar, S. and Ahsan, K., 2014. Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 6(4), pp.375-396. Berk, J., DeMarzo, P., Harford, J., Ford, G., Mollica, V. and Finch, N., 2013. Fundamentals of corporate finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Brown, B., 2014. Call for greater courage. Governance Directions, 66(7), p.390. Cheng, M.M., Green, W.J. and Ko, J.C.W., 2014. The impact of strategic relevance and assurance of sustainability indicators on investors' decisions. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 34(1), pp.131-162. Grayson-Morison, R. and Ramsay, I., 2014. Responsibilities of the Board of Directors. Company and Securities Law Journal, 32(1), pp.69-77. Harding, D., Shankar, S. and Jackson, R., 2013. The renaissance in mergers and acquisitions: The surprising lessons of the 2000s. Bain Company. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P., 2014. Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Islam, M.A., Jain, A. and Haque, S., 2016. A Preliminary Analysis of Australian Governments Indigenous Reform Agenda Closing the Gapand Corporate Accountability. In Key Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 341-354). Springer International Publishing. James, H., 2013. Tag Archives: Business. Evolutionary Theory. Janssens, M. and Kaptein, M., 2014. The ethical responsibility of companies toward animals: A study of the expressed commitment of the Fortune Global 200. Available at SSRN 2513354. Jones, P., Hillier, D. and Comfort, D., 2014. Environmental and Social Programmes and Rapidly Growing Retailers. Economia. Seria Management, 17(1), pp.5-17. Kenny, G., 2013. The stakeholder or the firm? Balancing the strategic framework. Journal of Business Strategy, 34(3), pp.33-40. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), pp.145-165. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015. Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Limnios, E.M. and Mazzarol, T., 2014. 11. Losing sight of purposethe United Farmers Co-operative Company. Research Handbook on Sustainable Co-operative Enterprise: Case Studies of Organisational Resilience in the Co-operative Business Model, p.188. Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., Humphrey, J., Wiesner, R., Pettitt, B., Clifton, D. and Renouf, M., 2013. Sustainability in Australian business: Principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. Richardson, D., 2014. Submission to the financial services review. Rowe, A.L., Nowak, M., Quaddus, M. and Naude, M., 2014. Stakeholder engagement and sustainable corporate community investment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(7), pp.461-474. Zentes, J., Morschett, D. and Schramm-Klein, H., 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility. In Strategic Retail Management (pp. 207-226). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

Ralph Essays (609 words) - Lecturers, Transcendentalism, Mystics

Ralph Waldo Emmerson Ralph Waldo Emerson "...was truly one of our great geniuses" even though he may have a short biography (Hodgins 212). But as Emerson once said himself, "Great geniuses have the shortest biographies." Emerson was also a major leader of "the philosophical movement of Transcendentalism". (Encarta 1) Transcendentalism was belief in a higher reality than that found everyday life that a human can achieve. Biographical Information Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father died when he was young and his mother was left with him and his four other siblings. At the age of 18 he graduated from Harvard University and was a teacher for three years in Boston. Then in 1825 he entered Harvard Divinity School and preached for three years. At the age of 29 he resigned for ministry, partly because of the death of his wife after only 17 months of marriage. In 1835 he married Lydia Jackson and started to lecture. Then in 1836, he helped to start the Transcendental Club. The Transcendental Club was formed for authors that were part of this historical movement. Emerson was a big part of this and practically initiated the entire club. As we know he was already a major part of the movement and know got himself involved more. Many people and ways of life throughout his career including Neoplatonism, the Hindu religion, Plato and even his wife influenced Emerson. He also inspired many Transcendentalists like Thoreau. Emerson didn't win any major awards, but he did win the love and appreciation of his readers. Literary Information Emerson wrote many genres of writing including poetry and sermons, but his best writing is found in his essays. Even though he is noted for his essays, he was also a strong force in poetry. Emerson was known for presenting ideas in an expressive style. He wrote about numerous issues including nature, society, conspiracy and freedom. After returning to America after a visit to England, he wrote for the abolitionist cause, which was eliminating slavery. Emerson used these ideas in his 1837 lecture "The American Scholar," which he presented before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard. In it he talked about Americans becoming more intelligently independent. In a second address, commonly referred to as the "Address at Divinity College," given in 1838 to the graduating class of Cambridge Divinity College, brought about a problem because it attacked religion and pushed independence. Some of Emerson's famous titles are "Essays", which was published in 1844, Poems, which was published in 1847, "Nature: Addresses and Lectures", 1849, and "Representative Men", 1850. In 1860, he published "Conduct of Life", which was the first of his works to receive immediate popularity. In these works you were able to see the influence Plato and Neoplatonism had of him. "Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher. He developed the notion of a higher reality that exists beyond the powers of human comprehension. Plato explained that the idea of absolute goodness transcends human description. Neoplantonism was a collective designation for the philosophical and religious doctrines of a heterogeneous school of speculative thinkers who sought to develop and synthesize the metaphysical ideas of Plato" (Encarta). Ralph Waldo Emerson found motivation to write in anything he did, whether it was visiting England, the Transcendental Movement or if it was abolishing slavery. He didn't receive much fame during his lifetime, but after he passed away in1882, he was remembered for all of his writing, not just one good essay. "Emerson was the most important figure during the Romantic Period" (Myerson 3). He left his mark on writing, especially the Romantic Period. Bibliography "Emerson, Ralph Waldo." Microsoft Encarta. CD-ROM. 1998 ed. "Emerson, Ralph Waldo." Lkd. Columbia University Homepage, at "ILT Web." *http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/acedemic/digitexts/emerson/bio_emerson.html * Hodgins, Francis. ed. Adventures in American Literature. Orlando: Harcourt, 1989. Myerson, Joel. "Ralph Waldo Emerson." Grolier Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1993 ed.