7 Negative Prefixes

7 Negative Prefixes 7 Negative Prefixes 7 Negative Prefixes By Mark Nichol What determines which prefix is attached to a word to form that word’s antonym? Why unlawful, but illegal? Why infirm, but impaired? You may be surprised that there’s a method to this madness: Negative prefixes come in forms that vary not only according to language derivation but also depending on meaning, and variations occur according to the letter that follows. Here are the ins and outs of in- and un- and their like, and details about their distinctions: 1-2. A-/An- These Greek-derived prefixes mark words expressing an absence of something (atypical, anodyne). A- is attached to words starting with consonants, and an- is the form for words beginning with vowels. An exception is words beginning with h; depending on the root word, either prefix may be present (ahistorical, anhydrous). 3. Anti- Anti-, from Greek by way of Latin, means â€Å"opposite† (antithetical) or â€Å"in opposition to† (antivirus), and can also denote defense (antisubmarine) or prevention (antidepressant). 4. Dis- This Latin prefix, when attached to a word, implies one of several meanings: absence (disaffected) or lack (disabled), opposition (disapprove), or removal (disenfranchise). 5. In- In- and its several variations, all signaling Latin derivation, also denote lack of a given quality. The variations il- and -ir are attached to words starting with l or r (illogical, irreversible). Im-, meanwhile, precedes m (immaterial) and p (impatient) and the lone example for b: imbalance. The rare prefix ig- sometimes comes before n (ignoble). In- appears before root words beginning with all other letters. 6. Non- This Latin negative prefix is the least particular of the class, and can often be found attached to root words so that the resulting term differs in meaning from one formed by the attachment of another negative prefix to the same root word. For example, nonrational means â€Å"not according to rational means or rules,† but unrational refers to behavior that does not conform to these norms. The nonparticular non- is the go-to negative prefix for neologisms. 7. Un- By contrast with the other negative prefixes, the attachment of this Latin-based form to a root word can, in addition to expressing lack or absence (unconcern), denote a reversal (uncoiled). It can also refer to an action not yet taken (unopened). Other Usage Notes The presence of negative prefixes can lead to awkward constructions such as â€Å"nonhearing-impaired people.† The easy solution in such cases is to relax the phrase: â€Å"people who are not hearing impaired.† Note, too, that with most prefixes, the insertion of a hyphen is the exception, not the rule. Prefixed words should be closed except when the root word is a proper noun (non-Euclidean) or in the rare case when confusion with a similarly constructed but distinct word is possible (un-ionized and unionized, for example). Wags have great fun with humorous poems and other compositions featuring invented examples of antonyms for unpaired words (words with negative prefixes that do not have antonyms), such as ept to contrast with inept which actually has an etymological counterpart in apt or ruth in opposition to ruthless. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Forming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

The Grin That Apes A Smile Essays - Motivation, Philosophy Of Life

The Grin That Apes A Smile Essays - Motivation, Philosophy Of Life The Grin that Apes a Smile "Optimism, n. The doctrine, or belief that everything is beautiful, including what is ugly, everything good, especially the bad, and everything right that is wrong. It is held with greatest tenacity by those accustomed to the mischance of falling into adversity, and is most acceptably expounded with the grin that apes a smile. It is hereditary, but fortunately not contagious," writes Ambrose Bierce in The Devil's Dictionary. Optimism is more traditionally known as the belief that everything will get better, and that all things are for the best. Unfortunately for the characters of Candide, nothing ever works out for the best, despite the great optimism they exhibit. As a result, they become sophisticated enough to accept things as they are. Optimism cannot survive in the real world. The impracticality of optimism is exhibited in many different characters and events throughout the book. To begin with, Voltaire makes constant sardonic references to the phrase "all is for the best," throughout the narrative. In just four pages, he is able to use this phrase four times when describing the horrible events that happen to Candide. Also, the idea of optimism is shown to be unrealistic when the Old Woman states that everyone thinks they have the worst life in the world. This makes the point that one cannot be optimistic when there is so much suffering going on around them. Additionally, optimism is proven to be illogical when Candide is finally able to marry his love, Cunegonde, after spending much time and money questing to be with her. By the time he gets her, she is ugly and unwanted by Candide, thus making the entire quest for her unnecessary, and his optimism at the fact that he would soon be with her unwarranted. Moreover, the impracticality of optim! ism is shown when Pangloss changes from being a optimist to a realist. By doing this, Pangloss shows how quickly optimism can be destroyed by misfortune. In addition, optimism is shown to be a nonrealistic idea through the characterization of Martin, the pessimistic philosopher. Martin's pessimism in the book is the only constant, while the other characters are constantly on an emotional roller-coaster. Thus, Martin is the most stable character in the book, proving that pessimism is more practical than optimism when one has to deal with reality. Finally, the impracticality of optimism is shown when Candide decides, rather than continue to hope for the best, to accept reality as it is, and tend his garden. When he does this, he proves that the only practical way to deal with life is to accept the things that happen to you, rather than to hope for the best out of every situation. Many bad things happen to the good people in the book Candide. Even though they have seemingly inexhaustible amounts of optimism, things never get better for any of them. Because of this, they eventually wise up and begin to accept things as they are, rather than wanting to have things as they should be. In doing this, they destroy their impractical and destructive optimism for a more useful philosophy of life.

Country-risk analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Country-risk analysis - Research Paper Example to define South Africa based in terms of common occurrence and norms of society but also in terms of encapsulating the business environment and detailing how an individual or their family might necessarily be impacted by a move from candidate to South Africa. Rather than avoiding the issue until later in the analysis, it is first necessary to grapple with the proverbial gorilla in the room. Essentially, up until only two decades ago, South Africa was an apartheid state. Whereas the United States and other nations around the globe ceased segregating individuals based upon race many years ago, South Africa held on to a very conservative and racial viewpoint of society; one in which Africans and individuals of European ancestry did not integrate with one another and oftentimes did not engage within society. Naturally, these rules were established by a government which was predominantly European in ethnic origin (Vincent & Howell, 2014). Not surprisingly, the ethnic strife that this caused and the difficulty on race relations was profound. Within the current era, South Africa continues to exhibit some of the most profound and oftentimes violent racial relations of nearly any nation on earth. Accordingly, many individuals that come from Europ e or North America are flummoxed to see the degree of racial tension that exists within South Africa and the overall degree to which the painful past is reflected in current society, politics, culture, and even entertainment. As a direct result of this dynamic, it is necessary for individuals to appreciate the fact that the racial overtones and overtones within South Africa will be much stronger as compared to Canada. With this in mind, a renewed level of sensitivity to racial concerns and the degree and extent to which interaction and engagement with individuals of different races takes place within society and is normalized will be required (Govinder et al., 2013). Another relevant concern with respect to life and conducting

Direct & Digital Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Direct & Digital Marketing - Essay Example Gronroos (1994) has criticized the tenets of the Four Ps of marketing which according to him is a weak perspective altogether that has several negative implications on various critical aspects of marketing such as research and application, the limitations of traditional marketing approaches such as the Four Ps of marketing have also been recognized by Bitner (1991) who like Vargo & Lusch (2004) believes that conventional marketing concepts such as the Four Ps of marketing have contributed towards limiting the scope of marketing by asserting that decisions related to a product can be described in merely four dimensions. Owing to the limitations of traditional marketing concepts as identified by Gronroos (1994), Hutton (1996) presents a need to include public relations and politics in as relatively newer dimensions of the Four Ps. Several researches and literature conducted since the 1990s and even earlier, indicate that marketers must incorporate modern perspectives with traditional v iews to cater to the consumer of today. This view is greatly highlights the benefits of moving towards contemporary approaches and logics to marketing, the most important of which is the concept of relationship marketing (Gronroos, 1994; Vargo & Lusch, 2004). According to Berry (1995), relationship marketing aims to focus more on the approach of retaining existing customers rather than utilizing a majority of the organization’s resources in the pursuit of attracting new customers. The importance of customer retention is so vital to the progress of an organization that a study conducted by Reichbheld & Sasser (1990) concluded that even if an organization is able to increase its customer retention rates by 5 percent; such a move reflects enhanced customer loyalty which directly correlates to an increase in profits between 25 to 125 percent. Hennig-Thurau et al. (2002) noted that aspects such as customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and commitment are integral factors contribu ting successfully to the concept of relationship marketing. Gronross (1990) supports this view by suggesting that as a discipline marketing concerns itself with the management of relationships, a tenet which is needed more importantly in the service sector, and the commentator postulates that in a context where tangibility of products and goods is non-existent, traditional concepts of marketing cannot effectively deal with the issues related to service-related businesses. An intriguing view of modern marketing has been presented by Edgett & Parkinson (1993) who claim that traditionalist marketing approaches maybe equally effective in service sector marketing, where customer-orientation and customer relationship management is the primary focus. Krueger et al. (2003) on the contrary argue that technological advancements and the wide-spread popularity of the Internet across the globe, has contributed towards changing business dynamics an example of which is the availability of legal on line music. It is argued that with regards to the marketing of goods, an

Sports Activities at School Essay Example for Free

Sports Activities at School Essay Introduction The aim of this report is to analyse why so many students aren’t motivated to do a lot of sports activities at school. A number of students and teachers were interviewed and their suggestions for changes to the methods are summarised. The problem * There aren’t a lot of different sport activities offered at school There don’t seem to be a lot of sports that can be played at school. Only a few sorts of sports are offered and that are football, that isn’t even weekly and a real competition, and softball. If these sports don’t fit you, you haven’t got a lot of opportunities to play sports at school. * Students don’t intend to sport a lot anymore Students aren’t known for their plesure of moving and sporting a lot. The electronics swallow a lot of their spare time, and they aren’t motivated to play sports in their leisure time, because it’s less exciting. Improving the situation What steps can be taken to improve the situation? I would recommend that teachers place more emphasis on increasing the different sorts of sports that are offered at school, in order to get students more motivated. When they are allowed to choose the sport that attracts them most, they will become more motivated. When students are playing a sport they enjoy, they will easily resist the instant tempation of their electronic games. Conclusion Students aren’t as motivated for sports as they should be. There aren’t enough sports activities offered at school, which leads to low motivation on the part of students. In my opinion there should be given more choices to the students what sport they want to practice. When they get to choose from sports they enjoy, they will get more motivated.

Act 2, Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Henry :: Papers

Act 2, Scene 2 of William Shakespeare's Henry How does Shakespeare present Henry (and, by extension, England) in this scene? Refer in your answer to Shakespeare's language, stagecraft and sense of audience, as well as the two-filmed versions you have seen. Shakespeare presents Henry using a variety of language and stagecraft, in Act two, scene two, Shakespeare shows how Henry has a bad temper, and can go off into towering rages. First comes to the unmasking of the conspirators Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. Shakespeare uses a lot of exquisite dramatic art and a sense of the effect of irony. He makes Henry only seem to be concerned for the good of his kingdom. One of the personalities that Henry has is his liking for games. He plays with Scroop and the other traitors, handing them letters that they think are promotions when in reality they are letters to inform them that Henry knows their secret. Shakespeare's use of language was complex as he referred to biblical references and historical references through out the play. When he gets to Scroop, Henry stops using the 'we' pronoun. Shakespeare uses many linguistic devices, for example rhetorical questions. "Wouldst thou have practiced on me for my use?" This makes a difference in the tone of voice, and also in its structure, otherwise, all Henry would be doing is making statements. He also uses a pun during the first part of the speech, when addressing Cambridge. "This man, for a few light crowns hath lightly conspiredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦". Shakespeare used a pun for a slight contrast in the atmosphere, otherwise everything in his speech would be is very serious. Henry also uses personification: "Treason and murder ever kept together, as two yoke-devils sworn to each other's purposeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" This technique is used as Henry can only imagine Scroop had been possessed, and not that he did this by his own choice. With this metaphor of a demon, he refers to him as betraying a good friend and because of this, sending him to death is what a king has to do.

Information Literacy in the Philippines Essay

T he 2003 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) is a national survey that gathers information on basic and functional literacy status of the population which will be used as basis of education policies and programs that will improve the coverage and quality of education and literacy in the country. It is the third in a series of functional literacy surveys conducted in 1989 and 1994. the elementary level. One in every 10 had no formal education (9. 0%). This proportion is somewhat high despite the government’s commitment to provide basic education to all Filipinos. Those who have graduated from an elementary school but did not proceed to a secondary level comprised 11 percent. Sixteen percent have reached but did not finish high school level while another 16 percent have finished high school level. Likewise, 16 percent either have reached but did not complete college level (8. 3%) or have actually finished college or any higher level of education (8. 0%). B. Attendance in School Two-thirds of the estimated 34 million population 6 to 24 years old, were attending school during the school year covering June 2003 to March or April 2004, or semester covering November 2003 to March or April 2004. In Western Visayas (Region VI), Bicol (Region V), CAR, Cagayan Valley (Region II), and Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan (MIMAROPA), approximately seven out of 10 children and youth were enrolled during the cited school year or semester. In ARMM, only about five in every 10 children and youth were enrolled. C. Net Enrollment Ratio The net enrollment ratio for the primary school age children or the ratio of the number of children 6 to 11 years old who were enrolled in elementary grades to the total number of children in this age group is around 82 percent. The 2003 FLEMMS is conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in coordination with the Literacy Coordinating Council (LCC) and the Department of Education (DepEd). The LCC provides overall coordination in policy formulation and program implementation of all inter-agency activities to achieve the goals of the United Nations Literacy Decade (UNLD). With LCC at the helm, the DepEd, Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), Philippine Information Agency (PIA), Philippine Normal University (PNU), Senate, House of Representative, and NonGovernment Organization (NGO) and the agencies involved in the promotion of literacy from the private and government sectors, the Philippines supports UNLD’s goal to increase global literacy levels by 50% by 2015. 2003 FLEMMS Highlights A. Highest Educational Attainment The largest proportion of Filipinos aged 6 years and older were elementary graders. According to the 2003 FLEMMS, 29% of the estimated 69 million population 6 years old and above in 2003, or three out of 10 persons in that age group, have attended an elementary school but did not complete 1 ABIVA ABIVA PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC. The net enrollment ratios for the population in the secondary school ages and those in the tertiary school ages are much lower. Approximately six out of 10 persons of secondary school ages, or persons aged 12 to 15 years were enrolled in high school. Only one-fifth of those in the tertiary school ages or persons aged 16 to 24 years were attending college. The net enrollment ratio among females is generally higher than males. D. Mode of Travel to School The children’s mode of travel to school shows that more than half of the students aged 6 to 24 years went to school by walking (54. 5%). Tricycle and jeepney were also commonly used. Two out of five students either took a tricycle or a jeepney. E. Reason for not Attending School Of the 34 million population aged 6-24, 34 percent or 11. 6 million were not attending school. Of this number, 30 percent were not attending school mainly because they were working or looking for work, 22 percent lacked interest in going to school and 20 percent could not afford high cost of education. F. Basic or Simple Literacy Of the estimated 62 million Filipinos 10 years old and over, around 93 percent were basically literate. Basic or simple literacy is the ability of a person to read and write with understanding a simple message in any language or dialect. The basic literacy rate in 2003 is similar to the 1994 rate of 94 percent. The basic literacy rate among females (94. 3%) is higher compared to their male counterpart (92. 6%). G. Functional Literacy A self-administered functional literacy questionnaire was accomplished by persons 10 to 64 years old in order to determine their literacy status. The 2003 FLEMMS revealed a functional literacy rate which is similar to the 1994 rate of 84 percent. Of the estimated 58 million Filipinos 10 to 64 years old, around 49 million were functionally literate. The functional literacy rate among females is higher than among males (86. 3% vs. 81.9%). Survey results also show that seven out of 10 persons aged 10 to 64 years who were poor were functionally literate compared to nine out of 10 among the non-poor. H. Mass Media One question in the FLEMMS self-administered questionnaires asked the respondents to choose which among the different forms of mass media can give him or her knowledge and information. Among the 12 different forms of mass media, TV (61. 8%), radio (56. 7%), and newspaper (46. 5%) were most commonly cited by the respondents as possible sources of knowledge and information to them. Other forms of mass media reported by at least two in every 10 respondents are magazine/book (35. 7%), meetings of barangay, church and other organizations (32. 2%), and computer/internet (20. 0%). I. Attendance in Non-Formal Training Of the 51 million population 15 years old and over, 19 percent (9. 7 million) have attended a livelihood adult literacy program or non-formal training. Non-formal training includes basic literacy, functional literacy, livelihood training, basic vocational training, citizenship training, values development and leadership training. Of those who attended livelihood training, 18 percent participated in values development training, and 13 percent joined leadership training. Strategic Partners The national campaign against illiteracy, as designed by the LCC, is built on the concept of a grand alliance among the public education sector, the private sector, and the local government unit with the local authorities assuming full leadership and responsibility to make the program sustainable. The Council is set to review and evaluate its program and hopefully, take it to the next  level of advocacy—total local government involvement. To cultivate strategic partnerships with local governments, the Council undertook an awards program that is calculated to cultivate literacy advocacy among the local government units (LGUs) and harness local power and resources to combat illiteracy. One success story is Antipolo City which made history by winning the first ever Hall of Fame Award for the Most Outstanding Local Government Unit category. For three consecutive years, from 2002-2004, Antipolo City was declared as the Most Outstanding Local Government Unit for the Component City category. As a result, Antipolo City helped the 5-year-old Outstanding Literacy Program Awards establish a significant benchmark in the drive to eradicate illiteracy in the Philippines. This also proves that strong and sustained support from LGUs greatly helps in achieving the desired literacy results. Although this is a significant stride in the literacy program, a more concerted effort among educators, learners, communities, and the government is still needed to raise the level of literacy in the country. DR. NORMA L. SALCEDO is the head of the Literacy Coordinating Council (LCC) Secretariat. Copyright ©2007 by Dr. Norma L. Salcedo and Abiva Publishing House, Inc. All rights reserved. ABIVA PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC.

Chem 130 Chp. 15

Chp. 15 Chemical equilibrium: Occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction (opposing reactions) proceed at the same rate At equilibrium the rate at which products are produced from reactants equals the rate at which reactants are produced from products At equilibrium a particular ratio of concentration terms equals a constant The composition of an equilibrium mixture does not change with time Kc: equilibrium constant 15. 2 Law of mass action: expresses the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products present at equilibrium 5. 3 * * LARGE VALUE OF Kc: Equilibrium mixture contains more products than reactants = product side (right side) K > 1 *SMALL VALUE OF Kc: Equilibrium mixture contains less products than reactants = reactant side (left side) K < 1 The equilibrium-constant expression for a reaction written in one direction is the reciprocal of the one for the reaction written in the reverse direction Multiplying all the stoichiometric coefficients by a n umber gives the equilibrium constant for the original reaction raised to that number 15. 4Concentrations of PURE SOLIDS and LIQUIDS DO NOT appear in equilibrium expression L S 15. 5 ICE TABLS 15. 6 15. 7 Le chateliers principle: IF a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or the concentration of one of the components, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance % of NH3 at equilibrium decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure * * Endothermic reaction: increase in temperature shifts equilibrium to right reactant bsorbs heat Increasing T results in an increase K * Exothermic reaction: Temperature increase shifts equilibrium to left product gives off heat Increasing T results in decreasing K * * Increasing pressure ( decreasing volume): equilibrium shifts in the direction producing the smaller number of moles of gas will reduce the pressure * * Decreasing pressure ( increasing volume): equilibrium shifts in the direction producing the larger number of moles of gas produces more pressure

College Nutrition Tips for Students

College Nutrition Tips for Students Top 5 Nutrition Tips for College Students Student lifestyle is fun and entertaining on the one hand and stressful and challenging on the other hand. Preparation to exams, studying late, dealing with professors, etc. well, no one said it would be easy to become a student. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of factors that a student has to face during college years. However, dont underestimate the importance of good nutrition and proper sleep. Otherwise, you may graduate from college with severe health problems. How to study well and get a diploma along with maintaining healthy eating habits? Follow these tips and tricks to gain success: Useful College Nutrition Tips As a college student, you are very busy. Undoubtedly, it is quite difficult to find time for cooking, so, most probably, fast food is your close friend. However, if you want to maintain good health, fast food is not an option. We have gathered a few simple college nutrition tips that will be helpful for you no matter if you are a student trying to economize your time or if you are a parent, who takes care of his/her child and wants to cook something delicious. The essential secret of successful cooking in a college is in the simplicity of the ingredients. Below you will find six delicious dishes that can be made in just a few minutes. Thai Peanut Noodles that Can Be Done in a Few Minutes! So, take a package of Ramen Noodles, peanuts, peanut butter, and a few seasoned vegetables and get a wonderful Thai dish in just a few minutes. Chicken Tacos To cook this dish, you need to make some chicken in a skillet, add some seasonings, and, of course, onion if you like. Voila! You have tasty chicken tacos in no time! Black Bean Soup Such a soup is a perfect choice for the winter tights and chilly autumn. Having only three basic ingredients, it impresses by the richness of taste. Also, you can add crushed tortilla strips, sour cream, and avocado slices. Big Kahuna Teriyaki Chicken Sandwiches This recipe may seem difficult a bit since it requires having a BBQ grill, but Hibachi grill of George Foreman grill will do as well. Moreover, each of these grills is a perfect option for making the grilled chicken, burgers, and hot dogs. Fresh and Easy Lemon Spaghetti If you believe that cooking pasta is not your cup of tea, you cannot be more wrong. The truth is that one can never go wrong with cooking pasta. This dish is very easy to make, but it is particularly nutritious. Casserole with Vegetables It can be an addition to other dishes, as well as a complete lunch or dinner. It is possible to prepare a casserole not only from fresh but also from frozen vegetables. To do this, you need to pre-boil them for a few minutes in water, steam, or fry. Vegetables will be added to the sauce and cooked on the basis of sour cream. If you want to reduce the number of calories and prepare, for example, a diet casserole with cheese, then the classic yogurt should be the base for the sauce. In this case, it is better to use semi-solid cheese with a low-fat content. You can also add macaroni or cook a casserole with chicken and vegetables to make your meal perfect. If you truly care about your health and dont want to graduate from college with additional 30 pounds, follow these tips. Keeping to a healthy diet makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. Be the one!

How Litter Trashes the Environment

How Litter Trashes the Environment Environmentalists consider littering a nasty side effect of our convenience-oriented disposable culture. Just to highlight the scope of the problem, California alone spends $28 million a year cleaning up and removing litter along its roadways. And once trash gets free, wind and weather move it from streets and highways to parks and waterways. One study found that 18 percent of litter ends up in rivers, streams, and oceans. In particular, the issue of microplastics is particularly dramatic in some parts of our oceans, including the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Cigarettes a Major Cause of Litter Cigarette butts, snack wrappers and take-out food and beverage containers are the most commonly littered items. Cigarettes are one of the most insidious forms of litter: Each discarded butt takes 12 years to break down, all the while leaching toxic elements such as cadmium, lead, and arsenic into soil and waterways. Litter Typically Viewed as a Local Problem The burden of litter cleanup usually falls to local governments or community groups. Some U.S. states, including Alabama, California, Florida, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia, are taking strong measures to prevent litter through public education campaigns, and are spending millions of dollars yearly to clean up. British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland also have strong anti-litter campaigns. Keep America Beautiful and Litter Prevention Keep America Beautiful (KAB), the group known for its â€Å"crying Indian† anti-litter TV ads of bygone days, has been organizing litter cleanups across the United States since 1953. KAB has a strong track record of success in litter prevention, though it has been accused of doing the bidding of its industry founders and supporters (which include tobacco and beverage companies) by opposing many mandatory bottle- and can-recycling initiatives over the years and downplaying the issue of litter from cigarettes. Nonetheless, 2.8 million KAB volunteers picked up 200 million pounds of litter in KAB’s annual Great American Cleanup last year [2007]. Litter Prevention Around the World A more grassroots-oriented litter prevention group is Auntie Litter, which started in 1990 in Alabama to help educate students there about the importance of a healthy and clean environment. Today the group works internationally to help students, teachers, and parents eliminate litter in their communities. In Canada, the nonprofit Pitch-In Canada (PIC), founded in the late-1960s by some hippies in British Columbia, has since evolved into a professionally run national organization with a tough anti-litter agenda. Last year 3.5 million Canadians volunteered in PIC’s annual nationwide Cleanup Week. Only You Can Prevent Litter Doing your part to keep litter to a minimum is easy, but it takes vigilance. For starters, never let trash escape from your car, and make sure household garbage bins are sealed tightly so animals can’t get at the contents. Always remember to take your garbage with you upon leaving a park or other public space. And if you’re still smoking, isn’t saving the environment a compelling enough reason to finally quit? Also, if that stretch of roadway you drive every day to work is a haven for litter, offer to clean it up and keep it clean. Many cities and towns welcome â€Å"Adopt-A-Mile† sponsors for particularly litter-prone streets and highways, and your employer might even want to get in on the act by paying you for your volunteer time. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

Application of epidemiology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Application of epidemiology - Case Study Example of the infections that have occurred within the past year at the facility include the E Coli infection that infected 6 patients at the hospitals Ward 10. Records at the institution also show that there was infection of Fever, coughs and foul smelling urine in various other wards during the same year. Most of the patients who reported high fever were the patients in the intensive care unit but this lasted only a week before it the situation was stabilized. There were 3 patients at the ICU at that time, two males and a female and they recorded high temperatures from late at night till early morning.The other outbreak of these infections was in the pediatric ward, Ward 5 where there was a breakout of cough infections. At the time, the ward had 12 patients, 8 boys and 4 girls. The infection started with a small boy and within a week 7 other patients at the ward had already been put under cough medication. The situation was stabilized in two weeks as the records show this is when the coug h treatment stopped. The treatment of these infection results in an increased expenditure by the hospital. It is therefore important to determine who will bear the costs of this treatment, whether it is the patients, the hospital or if it will be shared by both of them. Even though the patients did not come to the facility with these diseases, they will have to be treated as soon as the symptoms are noticed. The patients can then decide not to pay the extra cost for this extra medication by claiming that the cost was due to negligence by the staff and therefore the cost of treatment lies with the hospital. The issue of whether the patients should be informed of these infections should also be discusses. This is because they might occur without the knowledge of the patients who might think it is just another infection related to their current situation. If they are made aware of these conditions they can sue the hospital for negligence, on the other hand if the patients become aware

Calmodulin Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Calmodulin - Article Example Calmodulin possesses a very important function of stimulating the functioning of different enzymes as well as the mediation of ion channels. The activity of calmodulin is only brought about by the attachment of four calcium ions. This attachment brings about a change in the structure of calmodulin and makes it capable of performing its functions. The withdrawal of calcium ions from calmodulin restores it to its inactive state. The different enzymes that work after being activated by calmodulin include adenylyl cyclase, calcium magnesium ATPase, nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylase kinase, calcium dependent protein kinases and calcium phospholipid dependent protein kinase. It also possesses the function of acting on certain receptors like NMDA-type glutamate receptor as well as on ion movement pathways which include L-type calcium channels. Calmodulin also has an effect on other cellular mechanisms. The contractility of smooth muscle is one such function. In cells that are non-contrac ting, calmodulin has an effect on the motile activity of the cells and other processes like mitosis. The wide ranges of functions that can be performed by calmodulin clearly explain the importance of this protein in the living organisms. Its malfunctioning can result in hampering the activity of many enzymes, ion pathways and affect other regulatory processes (Champe et al 2005; Murray et al